Preparing A Career Development Plan Essay

1. What are some of the possible reasons Scott did not seek or receive advice from her immediate supervisor? Some of the possible reasons Scott did not seek or receive advice from her immediate supervisor are because of the work relation with them. When you look for help and advice it can be hard at times to go to a person who is your boss and in charge of you. Most of the times the work relationships between a worker and there boss is not as peers but as a leader. It is hard to seek advice from someone who is not viewed as a peer. It makes it easier for her to talk to Elizabeth Burroughs because she is a manager but not in charge of her. Scott therefore has an easier time seeing Burroughs as a peer. Another reason why Scott could have a tough time going to her boss could be because her boss would discourage her from moving on because she is good at her job and her boss wouldn’t want to see her leave. 2. After reviewing the chapter, suggest all possible ways that Scott can prepare her-self for career advancement. Scott can prepare her-self for career advancement by, first identifying career opportunities and requirements. Once that is done she should identify and recognize different career paths. When considering she should think of places with boundaryless career opportunities. This is so she does not get stuck in a position where she can no longer move up and plateau. Other things that she can do to productively prepare herself are, taking career planning workshops, career counseling and mentoring. One of the most important things that she needs to do is network herself to have great support, and connections.

Electronic Devices Essay

Ring! Ring! â€Å"Honey it’s your mother, please pick up your phone†¦ well call me when you get this message.† Two out of five kids get this voicemail daily during the week. The majority of students having a cellphone are only to contact parents and relatives. I think students should be able to have their cellphones and iPods out during school because after school kids should be able to contact their parents for any emergency. Students should also be able to keep their cellphones and iPods out for the resources, many sources including internet access and the use of calculators. I think students should also be able to use their cellphones and iPods for the music, music can change a person’s mood at any given time. While being in middle school I strongly believe that students should be able to use their cellphones and iPods during school and after. However, some people may argue that students shouldn’t have their cellphones and iPods out. They might argue that a student may be able to cheat on a test by texting their friends the answers. Or maybe the student’s phone might get stolen. The child might even get bullied with the use of a phone out. These little mistakes though aren’t something every kid goes through. Their mistakes that no one can control, but if they do happen then there will be consequences. However, I think students should be able to use their cellphones and iPods at appropriate times. I believe students should be able to have their cellphones out because after school they’ll be able to call their parents because someone might be trying to kidnap them. Or simply to just let them know their getting a ride with a friend. Many kids walk to school and from school to home. Meaning they need to be able to contact their points at any moment. Sometimes parents forget to pick up their child just because they’ve had a busy day at work. That’s when having a cellphone is really handy. During the day a cellphone can be useful especially when a student is having problems. Those problems can vary. Students at SVMS have experienced an unexpected problem that a cellphone could have been of good use. I think cellphones should be allowed at school in any case of emergency or if they just need to contact their parent. Additionally, I believe students should be able to have their cellphones and iPods out because they have resources. Using your phone you’d be able to use the internet for many reasons. Maybe you’re in science and a student asks a tough question that the teacher isn’t sure the answer is. By using your cellphone you’d be able to look the answer up on Google, it’s a quick and convenient resource to find an answer quickly to any question. Right after a quiz or test if you want to figure out your score and your teacher only told you how many you got right you would be able to pull out your phone or iPod and calculate your score. I think students should be able to use their cellphone or iPods during any time of the day for the resources. Furthermore, I believe using your iPods and cellphones should be allowed because of music. Music motivates people and can instantly change their mood. If someone is down all day, going to lunch and being able to just sit and listen to music can really bring someone up. Lunch on Fridays ASB plays music because everyone is so excited for the weekend. If you were to take away our cellphones and iPods there wouldn’t be any music to play. Even on Tuesdays during P.E we listen to music, when we run on the blacktop the coaches play music. They know that it pumps us up and helps us run. Some teachers even play music in class, it can either be a way of calming everyone or celebrating a class for their great achievements. I really believe that students should be able to have their phones and iPods for the music purposes. In conclusion I believe students should be able to have their phones and iPods out during school because after school kids should be able to contact their parents for any emergency. Students should also be able to keep their cellphones and iPods out for the resources, many sources including internet access and the use of calculators. I think students should also be able to use their cellphones and iPods for the music, music can change a person’s mood at any given time. While taking your time and reading this I really hope you look into helping us students by not getting our phones and iPods taken away for the various reasons. My reasons for wanting to keep our electronic devices are backed up from proofs from the SVMS student body and their life stories. As speaking for Spring Valley Middle I would like to thank you and hope you are against banding our electronic devices.

elBulli Group Essay

1. a.Which elements of the elBulli experience create value for clients? The entire elBulli experience is valuable to the restaurant’s clients. The time and creativity the staff and chefs put into the elBulli experience make the customers feel valued. The elBulli dining experience is a unique and exclusive experience for customers. Customer’s feel that their time is well spent due to the quality of their dining experience at the restaurant. elBulli makes the customer feel sincerely appreciated by giving them at tour of the restaurant before their dining experience. â€Å"Upon arriving, patrons were greeted by the staff and taken on a tour of the kitchen in order to showcase the unusual equipment and innovative techniques used at elBulli. One patron—who described AdriaÌ€ as â€Å"Willy Wonka†Ã¢â‚¬â€wrote, â€Å"Lab-like and full of stainless steel; it was immaculate,† and went on to say that he â€Å"watched in awe as gourmet oompa loompas dilig ently prepared a dizzying array of dishes (Norton, 2009).† b. How does the elBulli example illustrate the difference between listening to customers and understanding customers? what does this distinction have to do with fostering continuous innovation in an organization? The elBulli team understood the importance of implementing the changes that meet customer expectation. They understood that it was important to customers to have new recipes each year. This is what keeps the customers satisfied and returning to elBulli despite the two-year wait for a reservation. Listening to customers does not always cause an action on the part of a company. The distinction between listening and understanding customers is what brings the company to action when considering new innovative ideas. 2. What are the most salient features of the creative process (continuous innovation) at elBulli? Chef Ferran Adria revolutionized elBulli into one of the top restaurants in the world by introducing his innovative philosophy that evolved from the simple question, â€Å"What is creativity?† The answer according to Chef Jacques Maximim, â€Å"To create is not to copy†, was simple yet had a profound impact on Adria. Adrian continually sought new techniques and new equipment to focus on the five senses to create dishes to make people think and feel when eating. His near-scientific approaches to the transformation of food gained popularity as an international movement referred to as â€Å"Molecular Gastronomy.† The innovation continued with the opening of an â€Å"R&D laboratory†, called El Taller. During the off season when elBulli was closed, Adria and his team devoted time to creating a full set of completely new recipes that were to be used the next year. The idea was the product of creativity; develop recipes, use them for one season and then discard them never to be used again. Adria found it to be crucial to the creative process at elBulli: â€Å"Everything at elBulli needs to be renewed for the next year. Imagine Pepsico having to renew its entire product line for next year . . . More techniques and concepts have been developed at elBulli over the past 15 years than in the world over the past century.† The creative process of developing new recipes and never using them again opened the door for one of Adria’s â€Å"side projects†. A General Catalog was developed to document all recipes from the previous year. The catalog gave a date and number for each recipe, Adria considered this a yearly â€Å"internal audit† of the creative process. Publishing his catalog served three purposes. First, it ensured he received proper credit for new creations. Second, it allowed the team to track trends in innovation. Third, it generated revenue. Overall, Chef Ferran Adria is one of the most creative minds in the restaurant business. His innovative work has revolutionized the industry and will forever be used as an example of how unique approaches to creativity can spawn international movements.

Adult Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Adult Communication - Essay Example m the emphasis is on helping the individual members of the team to learn their potential for performance and through that learning maximize the performance of the team (Whitmore 2003). Managing in simple terms is the process of getting things done by individuals through planning, organizing, coordinating, directing and controlling their activities. Thus managing a team involves using the five functions of planning, organizing, coordinating, directing and controlling the activities of the team members towards the objectives of the team (Managing and Leading). The difference between coaching becomes evident from their definitions and is lies essentially in their approach. Coaching is people oriented in that it is concerned with the development of the individuals. Managing is task oriented in that the emphasis is on the task to be achieved. The individuals in the team are the means to achieving the task. This analogy gives provides clarity in the difference between coaching a team and managing a team. A given area of land is to be invested with oak saplings. Oak saplings have a unique feature in that there is a single tap root that extends, as the sapling develops. In nursery saplings the tap root tends to be curled up into a ball, because of the restrictive environment for growth. Managing the investing of the land with oak saplings would involve the transfer of the saplings into the allotted number of pits in as quick and efficient a manner and ensuring the required fertiliser and moisture is provided for growth. This approach is due to the task oriented approach in managing a team. In the coaching approach the curled up taproot would be first uncurled and in the replanting process care would be taken to ensure that the fragile taproot is extended deep into the ground without damaging it, as this would ensure proper development of the oak sapling into a tree. The necessary moistur e would then be provided. Coaching is oriented towards the development of the

The Great Migration of African Americans from the South to the North Essay

The Great Migration of African Americans from the South to the North during the 1900's - Essay Example There seems to have been two instances where the African Americans migrated. First was between 1910-1940, following which it is considered that there was a second Great Migration, which was between 1940 and 1970. Most of the people seemed to have moved to California from places like Texas and Louisiana. This move is considered mainly due to the availability of jobs in the defense industry. The years 1965 until 1970, had seen a high number of people migrating from places like Alabama, Louisiana and Mississippi to other regions of the United States which fell under the Census. However the following year brought about a number of people moving back to their original destinations due to family reasons, or kinship ties. However post 1995 until 2000, places like Georgia, Texas and Maryland, attracted the highest number of college graduates. California was considered to be one of the highest and most gaining states for the black migrants however the later 1990s led California to loose more than gain African Americans. With the Emancipation Proclamation that had been signed earlier on in 1863, left merely 8 percent of the African American population left in Northeast and Midwest. Later on in 1900, almost ninety percent of the African American was seen to have moved out of the slave holding states to move into newer and better lives (Wesley, 1927). A number of the people had moved into places like Boston, New York, Baltimore, Chicago and many other smaller industrial cities. People wanted to take the cheapest rail ticket possible and for this they moved from places like Mississippi to Chicago. The years of 1910 until 1930s saw a rise in the African American population in Northern States and there was a rise of almost forty percent, this lead to a high level of urban tension, majorly because of the number of migrants of the African American and

Randomised control trial of a smoking cessation intervention directed Essay

Randomised control trial of a smoking cessation intervention directed at men whose partners are pregnant - Critical Review - Essay Example rther understand how a suitable intervention program can aid in increasing the quit rates among men as the percentage of quit rate was found to be more in the intervention group compared to the control. The study is completely justified as childbirth may represent the best opportunity to increase smoking cessation rates among men 2,3. Men might quit smoking on knowing that the wife is pregnant and will also abstain from the same for a few years after childbirth 4. The study purpose was clear. The study was a multicomponent intervention study using a stratified, randomized control trial, with an intention to treat analysis. The study was conducted at 2 large Brisbane metropolitan hospitals in collaboration with the University of Queensland. Over a period of 35 months, men whose partners were pregnant and who met the eligibility criteria (should be male, be a partner of a woman less than 25 weeks pregnant, living with her and be a current cigarette smoker of at least 10 cigarettes per day within 3 days of the baseline interview) were enrolled into the program. These eligible participants were stratified based on the smoking status of the female partner and then randomized to control or intervention group. Participants were blinded to group allocation. The study was a qualitative study. It was not a quantitative study as numerical result was not the endpoint. The main aim of the study was to determine how well the intervention program would help in cessation of smoking. Woman who booked into the public antenatal clinics at two large Brisbane metropolitan hospitals were asked to provide information about their smoking status, their partners smoking status and contact details. From the information provided men who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were selected. The eligible participants were stratified based on the smoking status of their female partners at a central location by a staff member not involved in the recruitment or interviews. They were then

Should Newspapers Shut Down Their Presses (responses) Assignment

Should Newspapers Shut Down Their Presses (responses) - Assignment Example I think that the youth around the world would rather have access to news when they want it. Unlike Fahri’s viewpoint that we will have to worry about all media organizations, I think with the increase of digital media, there will actually be more media outlets instead of less. Post Two: I think that Farhi’s argument that printing news is adaptable but only if papers printed all of the time. By the time news hits the press, it is all over the web. By the next day when it hits the newsstands, it is old news, actually making it less efficient. What is the point of calling it news if it is old? I disagree that it will affect all news sources. I am siding with Shirky in the fact that newspapers are old and the wave of the digital world are increasing. There are now more opportunities to share news online. People that are growing older are starting to dabble in using technology so while newspapers will not phase out completely because some still like to hold that paper in their hands and read it, they will find that what they are really interested in can be found online and even local news that is relevant even in small towns can be found on social media sites. Post Three: I feel like that there has to be at least one side to every argument. However, being a student learning about journalism and being young at that, I think we have to acknowledge and embrace change. What happened to radio? More people are listening to satellite radio or stations that provide specific music. Traditional radio phased out. Newspapers will do the same. There might be a few that hang around for the sake of people who like to hold a newspaper but with reading devices such as the Nook or Kindle, you can read the digital versions immediately. Everything that we need to know can be found through the Internet. I am with Shirky on the fact that newspapers will not adapt but instead society will adapt without newspapers.

Advertisement on coffee at Starbucks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Advertisement on coffee at Starbucks - Essay Example The advertisement is very plain in terms of creating attention and the words used appear as a command rather than a request or soft words to attract the target. The main aims of any advertiser are to create a good impression to a potential customer, make them their customer and retain them. To achieve these goals, they interact with the social world and are often faced by many social issues that create challenges as well as hindrances. The most pressing social issue is stereotyping by customers. Different customers have varying perceptions over advertisements, and this affects their effectiveness. Advertisers, therefore, face the challenge of designing an advertisement that will receive less criticism and achieve its aim. The picture in the advertisement of a young baby inside the tire is eye catching and hence anybody who sees it will want to know what it is all about (Moriarty, Nancy, and William 248). A person who sees the advertisement will immediately have an impression of safety while using the tires and is less likely to forget about it since the pictures used are very memorable.

The treaty of guadalupe Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The treaty of guadalupe - Research Paper Example Therefore, this decision led to the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe in the late 1840s (Menchaca 215). Since Mexico lost its boundaries, it subsequently lost the current states of Arizona, California, Utah, New Mexico, and Colorado including Wyoming. As a result, the country felt the need of finding a solution to compensate the entire loss. A meeting was thus held among commissioners from the two rival countries with the purpose of coming up with some brilliant ideas that would be used in coming up with the final solution (Acuna 123). History reveals that, Nicholas Trist (chief clerk of the State Department) and another American representative to President Polk (General Winfield) set off to meet their Mexican counterpart-General Jose Joaquin. The first meeting bore no fruits and not even a tiny resolution was brought to book (Schultz 422). The delegates to the meeting resolved to arrange for a second one, as their zeal to bring about peace was undoubtedly strong. When the time came , the delegates met a second time, and their talks were in vain lastly coming up without a solution. Failure to come with a long lasting solution meant no peace in the territories USA had acquired from the rival. Thus, USA sent Nicholas Trist for a third time, on the third meeting; he purposely went out to meet other leaders from the fallen government of Mexico. These were, Don Bernado Couto, Don Miguel de Atristain, and don Luis Gonzaga Cuevas. They were all government officials of a government, which in a way had fallen (Porterfield 5). In the treaty, fresh boundaries were set between the two countries, Mexico succeeded to win its bid on a number of territories namely, Alta California and Santa Fe de Nuejiijij o Mexico though not cited in entire treaty. Following the years of 1836, more and precisely straight boundaries were set in an attempt to avoid further war eruptions. The border consisted of Rio Grande at the northwest part with a successive stretch further north to border S anta Fe de Nuevo Mexico. Through the Gila River, to the west, the border took a straight dimension to the port of San Diego (Porterfield 17). This gave a more geographic outlook on the positions of various locations like the Lower California. Mexico realized that it was almost losing some important territories that had steered the occurrence of the war. By the time this realization came, the country had already lost quite a considerable piece of it land to remain on the current area of approximately 1,972,550  km?. as a result, United States succeeded in the seizure of Nevada, California, and Utah with its boundaries cutting further to western parts of New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming. At the long run, USA had claimed an additional land of 1.36 million km? naming it the Mexican cession. In accordance to Adams-Onis’ treaty relating to the boundary, Mexico recovered only 45% of the regions fought for. Mexicans agreed in the treaty that Rio Grande would be the Texas border (M enchaca 219). Nicholas Trist and Winfield Scott of the U.S.A conducted the negotiations and drafting of the treaty with the Mexicans since further war would ultimately bear no fruits. This happened in defiance of President’s Polk orders to fight further in an attempt to claim more territories. Trist presented the treaty to the â€Å"House of Senate† in his country U.S.A for complements (Acuna 248). The

Classical Realism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Classical Realism - Essay Example Classical realism may seem a realistic approach in international relations however; to implement the same may not be entirely possible. The changing dynamics of world politics, globalization may not allow nations to continue to dominate for longer period of time. Further, the influence of such forces may not allow complete independence to the States to design and execute their international relations strategies in the light of their own self-interest. Classical Realism is rooted in the belief that since desire for power is one of the characteristics of the flawed human nature therefore States also attempt to increase their capabilities to gain more power. As such for classical realists, the international politics is bad or evil because people making the foreign policies are often bad too. The very concept of classical realism therefore suggests that the self-interests of the nations are basically above any other moral obligations of any State. Classical realism also outlines the need for nation-states and indicates that they are motivated by the national interests. These national interests however, are disguised in the overall moral obligations of the States. Classical realists argue that at the international level, States are the major actors deciding on their own based upon overall costs and benefits. It is however, critical to understand that there is an inherent dichotomy within classical realism. Iadvocates that the domestic politics as well as affairs should be dealt in accordance.

''FRESCA company-TWO recommendations for improvements for any part of Essay

''FRESCA company-TWO recommendations for improvements for any part of the marketing mix - Essay Example The asset of the company which exceeds 48 million pounds and the annual growth in return of over 393 million net profits presents the need for the company to go public. In so doing, the company products will get more demand especially once they harness the opportunity in the market as the confidence of consumers towards the company will increase. Furthermore, many customers will purchase the shares and they will help in developing and promoting the products image through innovation, contribution, reaching out to the consumers and lifting up the reputation of the firm. To enhance production of quality and healthier produce, the firm source and secure the best and reliable partners. Reputation is an important tool in promotion of a product that will improve once the firm succeeds in going public. The company will be forced to invest more in the creativity and innovation of their products to ensure that ethical trading, quality products, employee development as well as effective customer service are met. The demand for its products will rises, calling for more qualified staff to be employed in the firm as in so doing the quality of their product will not be altered due to overworked staff. The products of the company will be placed to more public attention and scrutiny especially in terms of health and quality standards and due to the fact that the company observes these requirements, hence, its market is sure to grow as Fresca Company observes these requirements. Health is important to the survival of mankind and this is what the company offer, healthy products. Success in increased sales is attributed to the highest quality of produced which surpass the expect ations of customers through embracing a quality product line. As an international company, Fresca Company should take advantage of the virgin, fertile and huge piece of agricultural land in Africa and partner with African countries in the production of

Tesla Motors, Inc. Financial Analysis Essay Example for Free

Tesla Motors, Inc. Financial Analysis Essay Tesla Motors, Inc. was founded in early 2003 by a group of Silicon Valley engineers, incorporated in Delaware on July 1 of the same year, and is now headquartered in Palo Alto, California (â€Å"Tesla- Investor†). The company designs, develops and manufactures electric vehicles and electric vehicle powertrain components. Tesla also provides the same services and powertrain components to other manufacturers of electric vehicles (Analysts Corner 2). Tesla Motors is best known for producing the Tesla Roadster, an all electric sports car released in 2008, with outstanding performance results (â€Å"About Tesla†). Tesla has developed a unique marketing plan that differs from the traditional automotive industry by marketing and selling its products over the internet and through a global network of 32 stores that are owned and operated by Tesla. The company has 2,964 employees and has electric vehicles on the road in 37 countries around the globe (â€Å"About Tesla†; Analysts Corner 2). On June 29, 2010 Tesla Motors Inc. became the first American car company to go public since the Ford Motor Company in 1956. The company offered 11.8 million shares priced at $1 above the initial offering at $17. The IPO was so successful that Tesla offered an additional 20% equity in the company by increasing the offering to $13.3 million shares to meet demand. The company raised a total of $226 million, the stock price soaring up 41% to $25 a share on opening day (Andrejczak). Today, Tesla Motors Inc. (TSLA) is traded on the NASDAQ stock exchange at a price of more than $180 a share. The stock has grown over 800% since its IPO and now Tesla has a market capitalization of over $22 billion. This impressive increase in stock price may come as a surprise to many investors due to the company’s earnings, or lack thereof. Given the current economic conditions, the relatively new market and existing competition; the Tesla stock price is grossly overvalued. Tesla produces an outstanding product with an outstanding price tag. The new Tesla S was designed to compete in the luxury sports car arena along with BMW, Mercedes and Audi. Tesla has estimated that 21,000 Model S will roll out of its production facility in 2013 at a sticker price between $70,000 and $100,000 (Seetharaman; Finger). This year, Mercedes will sell 25,000 luxury sedans in that price range to U.S. consumers and BMW just slightly less than Mercedes (Finger). Tesla has estimated it will produce 40,000 Model S next year, almost twice the number of BMW’s sold in that price range. In the post recessionary economic climate of 2013, there is not a strong demand for vehicles in this price range, even with the $7500 tax credit offered to consumers. The Tesla Model S is still out of reach for most Americans. There are more reasonably priced alternatives in the EV market such as the Nissan Leaf and the Chevy Volt, but sales have been sluggish (Stammers; Alpert). General Motors recently â€Å"announced a $5,000 formal price cut for the Chevrolet Volt plug-in hybrid† and Chrysler has opted to stay out of the EV market until â€Å"dragged there by consumers† (Buss). Since the key to the future profitability of Tesla Motors is in the mass production of an affordable EV, demand for the product becomes paramount. As Dale Buss, an automotive industry journalist explains; It’s one thing for Tesla to sell nearly 1,500 Model S a month at about $70,000 apiece in the U.S. market these days; when Elon Musk’s startup attempts to penetrate the lower part of the EV market with its own model, success will be a lot harder to come by. (Buss) Tesla intends to meet that challenge with the 2016 release of the Gen. III., a Tesla EV with the range of a Model S, but half the price. The 200 mile range of a Tesla EV is what gives it a competitive advantage over other more affordable EVs, but at the cost of additional batteries (Alpert). The added cost of the batteries makes the target price next to impossible to reach, but necessary in order to avoid the fate of other affordable EVs, such as the Volt. So, rather than realize their goal †to accelerate the world’s transition to electric mobility with a full range of increasingly affordable electric cars†(â€Å"Tesla Improves†), Tesla Motors is â€Å"helping create a highly bifurcated segment where only expensive EVs can achieve a feasible volume† while pushing affordable EVs and its own profitable future further out of reach (Buss). Tesla Motors CEO, Elon Musk, maintains that there is still adequate demand for the Model S and that the company has received 10,000 orders in North America alone. The truth of the matter is that the true demand for EVs remains to be seen. In May of 2013, Tesla shocked analysts when it â€Å"stopped disclosing its end-of-quarter order backlog which might have shed light on the issue after previously trumpeting a 15,000-unit reservation list† (Alpert). Many of Tesla’s orders were cancelled due to the company’s price increases on options for the Model S, which added an average 8%-9% to the overall price and stirred up numerous customer complaints on the Tesla website blog (Finger; Blanco). Many consumers are interested in reducing CO2 and reducing our dependence on fossil fuels, but simply cannot afford the more expensive alternatives. In an attempt to make Tesla vehicles more affordable and increase sales; Tesla Motors has partnered with U.S. Bank and Wells Fargo Bank to provide financing to qualified Model S customers that includes longer terms, lower payments and the Tesla resale guarantee. â€Å"Buying a Model S through the Tesla financing offering now comes with a guarantee that the resale value will be higher than that of BMW, Audi, Mercedes, Lexus or Jaguar† (â€Å"Tesla Improves†). The guarantee is personally backed by the CEO of Tesla Motors â€Å"to give owners complete peace of mind about the long term value of the product† (â€Å"Tesla Improves†). Elon Musk, Tesla’s chief executive described the financing program during an interview; If our car was chiefly available for purchase and not by financing, I think thats maybe accessible to roughly 1 million US households. A financed product with the right financing-fully optimized financing, I think its probably accessible to the top 10 million households. (Seetharaman) Musk went on to report that since the finance program was implemented, the company has experienced â€Å"a meaningful increase in demand† that he estimates to be about 30,000 cars a year in North America (Seetharaman). There is little doubt that the Tesla financing program has boosted sales. â€Å"In the second quarter 30 percent of sales fell into this category† (Finger). Amazingly, against generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), Tesla records the entire amount of the payment it receives from the bank as  revenue. The bank pays the full amount of the car price to Tesla, but after the 3 year lease agreement ends, Tesla pays the outstanding balance of around $46,000 when it takes the car back as part of the buy-back guarantee. According to GAAP, the $46,000 would be a debt until the bank has been paid. This method of recording debt as revenue makes Tesla look more appealing on the books. Meanwhile, Tesla builds up an expensive and costly inventory of used Model S sedans as it works hard to convince consumers that the model S should be replaced, which effectively lowers the value of their own used inventory. The buy back guarantee has the potential to become a serious liability for the new car company. In an effort to promote the use of cleaner technology and improve the air quality in the state of California, law makers there have implemented a program whereby automobile producers can earn credits for every zero-emission-vehicle (ZEV) and partial-zero-emission-vehicle (PZEV) brought to or sold in the state. Manufacturers can only sell a certain amount of vehicles that don’t fall into this category. The manufacturers then have the option to purchase more credits from other companies in order to continue selling vehicles in California. Tesla earns credit every time the company sells a Model S and these credits are sold to competitors. It has been estimated that for every Model S sold, Tesla receives between $25,000 to $35,000 worth of these credits and could contribute about $188 million in revenue for 2013 (Isidore). This year Tesla Motors Inc. reported its first profit in the first quarter and â€Å"better than projected earnings† for the second quarter (Isidore). A closer look at the source of that revenue reveals that it did not come from sales of vehicles, but actually from the selling of zero-emissions-credits. Tesla sold a total of $68 million worth of the credits, 12% of its total revenue in the first quarter (O’Brien). Despite the source of the income, Tesla Motors stock price rose 17% when the quarterly report was released (Seetharaman). Another contributing factor to the run-away stock price is that historically Tesla stock has been a favorite amongst investors for shorting. One analyst at Barron’s reported that as much as 45% of Tesla outstanding shares were shorted until the first quarter earnings were released (O’Brien). When the  stock began its climb, the short sellers were forced to buy back at higher prices than they had hoped to, which effectively drove the market price higher. Investors also responded favorably to the news that the Model S won The Car and Driver Magazine’s Car of the Year for 2013 and again when the Model S earned the highest score ever given to an automobile by Consumer’s Reports (O’Brien, Finger). The forward price earnings ratio for Tesla Motors is in the neighborhood of 170. A high price-earnings ratio suggests that investors are expecting future growth and earnings. An exceptionally high P/E is indicative of a speculative bubble and overvaluation. Market Capitalization for Tesla Motors Inc. has doubled within the last couple months and is now over $22 billion. The value of an enterprise for profit is dependent on what it can produce or profit from moving forward into the future, and in doing so increase the wealth of the ownership. Tesla Motors will produce roughly 20,000 cars this year and plans on doubling that output for 2014. That makes every car Tesla produced this year worth $1.1 million of stock. Compare that number to â€Å"luxury automaker BMW that has a market cap of$52.79 billion on global sales of 1.85 million cars or $28.53 thousand per car. Mercedes Benz produces cars at $43.4 thousand per car using the same calculation (Finger). Tesla will have to produce hundreds of thousands of vehicles to support a stock price even half of what it is currently. With the limited amount of demand at the current price, the stock can soar as high as the market will allow it, but the price will have no foundation and will eventually crumble down. The over-valuation leaves Tesla poised for a buyout or takeover by a larger manufacturer. Tesla Motors is obviously good at what it does. The technology developed by the company is being used by other more established automobile makers, such as Toyota and Daimler. The problem with specialization is that it leaves a company, especially a large one, vulnerable to changes in technology, market shifts and consumer sentiments. Tesla has all of its eggs in one basket. A significant shift in the market, a radical change in technology or even consumers warming to the hybrid concept before taking to the electric one; would be the end for the new car company. It seems that Tesla has nothing to fall back on, no contingency or alternate plan. Although Tesla has taken the electric vehicle to new heights, the technology is not break-through and the concept is not mind blowing. The whole package is a winning combination, in a small segment of the market. The company may be headquartered in California and founded by geeks, but it is still an automobile producer. The automotive industry is dominated by an oligopoly of corporations that historically have been successful at weeding out smaller companies just like Tesla Motors. The competition is fierce and the pockets are deep, economies of scale are a reality in automobile manufacturing. The patents and proprietary technology that Tesla holds right now will be meaningless in a matter of a few years, or several months. If the demand for electric cars increases significantly, Tesla will be forced to compete. Without the differentiation that Tesla has now, the company doesn’t have much of a chance. Tesla has a challenging future; in order to survive it must lower its costs and crank up production. The niche market of wealthy movie stars that want to be seen in a Tesla Roadsters isn’t going to get them there. The high price people are willing to pay for their stock isn’t going to either. Tesla Motors Inc. produces amazing all electric vehicles that are sporty, luxurious, and state of the art. The company’s CEO and spokesperson, Elon Musk is an innovative billionaire, who is enthusiastic, confident, and as cool as the Tesla Roadster. The company has turned the automotive industry upside-down and investors want a piece of it. The stock price is just waiting for another promising news story or SEC filing to soar even higher.†Tesla is, according to all the critics, an incredible car, but it is a company held together with financial bubblegum† (Finger). The only question is when will the bubble burst? Works Cited About Tesla Motors. Teslamotors.com, 2013. Web. 23 Sep 2013. . Alpert, Bill. Recharge Now!. Online.barrons.com, 2013. Web. 24 Sep 2013.

Distinguish Between Sense Reference And Denotation Philosophy Essay

Distinguish Between Sense Reference And Denotation Philosophy Essay Individuals transfer their thoughts and ideas to each other via language. The speakers of a language have a common basic vocabulary, and share the knowledge of meaning of several words, in their mental lexicon. The meaning of an expression cannot be understood as the definitions found in a dictionary entry; consequently, linguists suggest alternative ways of defining meaning. K. Nelson (1985) proposed that meaning has three counterparts relating to: reference, denotation and sense. A reference is the association between an expression and the object it refers to (the referent). Expressions referring to a particular object or entity in the world are described as referring expressions J.I Saeed (2003). Therefore, girl is a referent in: That girl seems nice, which is a referring expression. Objects in the world Reference, partly depends on the sense of expressions. Sense shows a relationship between the expression and the object in the world, in relation to a mental representation. J.I Saeed (2003) describes a mental representation as a complex and abstract element relating an idea to the object in the world (the concept). The relationship between sense, the expression and the referent was outlined by C.K. Ogden and I.A Richards when they presented the first semiotic triangle in: The Meaning of Meaning (1923). In the meaning triangle an expression is thought to provide access to an underlying concept, which in turn refers to an object in the world (referent). This clarifies the existence of a relationship between a word, a sense and its referent. Denotes A distinction between reference and sense is made in: On Sense and Reference, G. Frege (1892), revealing their close correlation whilst it is also suggesting that the sense of a sign may change without altering the referent. In order to describe how expressions referring to the same object may differ in sense, Frege presents the expressions morning star and evening star. Both refer to the same object regardless of their different senses. (Morning star= Venus at dawn whilst Evening star= Venus at dusk). Frege describes the reference as the expression having an actual object corresponding to it and the sense of this expression as the concept of the expression. An expression is said to expand its ability to denote because it is associated to an object, in the speakers mind. Hence, reference and denotation are closely related. Referring is the action taken by the speaker in picking out objects in the world while denoting is a property possessed by the expression. A denotation is a constant relationship in a language which is independent of word use; it is not altered by time, unlike reference. Two major theories also clarify the terms reference and denotation, both theories highlight the relationship between a linguistic expression and a referent. The Denotational Theory describes a direct relationship between expressions and objects. The Representational Theory, on the other hand, states that the relationship between the words and objects in the world is mediated by our mental model. To conclude, language is seen as a means of recognizing objects in the world. Reference cannot be the sole idea of the theory of meaning but our semantic knowledge suggests that sense, reference and denotation are vital for our understanding. Speakers of the same language understand each other because they share a basic vocabulary whilst also making sense of what a particular expression is denoting and referring to. 4. Outline the main features of Prototype Theory and show how it differs from the classical view of concepts as necessary and sufficient conditions. Give examples to support your answer. Through the years, philosophers, scientists and linguists have thought about how language ties a word to a particular concept, whilst raising arguments about what makes a concept and what is the definition of meaning. One of the most remarkable theories presented in the 1970s was that of Eleanor Rosch and her colleagues. This theory is based on the idea of prototypes, viewing concepts as constructed with the intention of creating a more typical member of a category, but eventually deviating into a less typical and hazier idea. For example in the  Ã¢â‚¬ ºcolour Ã‚  concept; red is a more central representative, as opposed to fuchsia. E. Rosch and her co-workers sustained their theory by analysing trends seen in the evidence they obtained during their experiments; speakers settled for the more typical members of a category of concepts. This demonstrates how categories are structured; some members of a concept may be more prototypical than others, lacking a certain sense of boundary. So, if speakers are asked for an example of  Ã¢â‚¬ ºfruit Ã‚ , they are expected to come up with more obvious examples, such as apples, rather than plums. This happens since the more outlined ideas, are the first that come to the speakers mind, because the speaker is more used to these ideas, and feels they are the safer and more accurate. Categories are mostly based upon the speakers knowledge and experience of the real world. These categories are learned ideas, they are personal ideas (personal construct) and so they are biased. As a result the lexicon (and conceptual categories) will differ according to the individuals social background and culture. The Prototype Theory is sometimes described as a non-classical theory because, may contrast the principles of the classical view. The classical theory suggested that an object could be correctly referred to by a word only if it has the correct qualifications with regards to characteristics that signify the meaning of the expression or the word. For example, any type of bird is a bird only if it has feathers, has wings, flies etc. If the bird does not have wings, then the label bird in inadequate and does not apply to the concept  Ã¢â‚¬ ºbird Ã‚ . Central Concept Considering, the concept  Ã¢â‚¬ ºCat Ã‚ ; the first idea that comes to a speakers mind would be a small, meowing, four-legged, furry animal, with a tail. Merging out into the fuzzier members of this category, would give not only big cats like leopards, lions and tigers, but also Sphinx (furless cats) and Manx (tail less cats). If the classical theory was applicable to this category, a Sphinx would never be considered a cat because it is furless, a Manx wouldnt be considered a cat either because it has no tail, and even tigers, leopards and lions, they would be declined in the cat category for the reason that they do not meow, they roar. In spite of the fact that the classical theory was taken for granted as correct for a long period of time, the breakthrough brought about by the works of E. Rosch brought linguists, philosophers and scientists alike to a understand the complexity of the meaning of a concept, and how it does not only depend on the entity it is tied to but also to the individual way by which it is perceived, a true milestone in cognitive language. To what extent would you expect people who speak different languages to display fundamental differences in the way they think and perceive the world? Support your answer with examples from one particular domain, such as that of colour terms or number words. The question of whether thought differs by culture, due to language differences in cultures has been puzzling philosophers for a long period of time. Does the representation in human thought involve a linguistic element or does it comprise mental images, independent of language? No stable conclusion has ever been taken regarding this situation but philosophers and linguists alike have aimed their studies and observations towards finding a clearer explanation. The Universalist point of view suggests that thought is autonomous from language, whilst the Realist view suggests that language mirrors culture (relativism) and it influences the manner by which we think (determinism). The latter view suggests that cultural differences result in different ways of thinking. Humbolt (19th century philosopher) implies that; languages project different perspectives on the world. Two of the most prominent relativist theorists were Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf. E. Sapir proposed that language made part of culture, and therefore is a factor that effects how a speaker thinks: We see and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of our community predispose certain choices of interpretation. (Sapir, 1929). Whorf further suggested that culture not only ties itself to language but is also related to the way thought is created, paying attention to how grammar may create alternative lines of thought (Whorf, 1956). Speakers of different languages are expected to think differently, this is not only due to their cultural differences but also due to their different language and linguistic abilities. By no means does a simpler language make the speaker simple-minded, but not having words to describe a concept, may contrast that more complex language in terms of expressivity. For example, how can a person think that Christmas comes in December, without the words Christmas and December in his mental lexicon? The analysis for the further understanding of how language and thought relate can be done by analysing two speakers of different languages and comparing the way an object is perceived with regard to the vocabulary present within the language of each speaker. Taking the core concept  Ã¢â‚¬ ºcolour Ã‚  and assuming that everyone has the same mental capacity to perceive concepts; if a language (L1) fails to provide a word for the colour yellow; language does indeed effect perception, only if speakers of L1 will be unable to perceive the concept  Ã¢â‚¬ ºyellow Ã‚ . Berlin and Kay (1969) studied this relation between thought, culture and language by tackling the core concept of colours; comparing languages whilst questioning whether there is a pattern for the understanding of core concepts to all cultures. For example: Dani (New Guinea) has two terms for describing colour, Tamil (India) has six terms for colour whilst Lebanese Arabic and English each have up to eleven terms. E. Rosch revised the Berlin and Kay theory by comparing speakers of Dani (having only a black/white system) and English speakers. Rosch studied whether speakers of Dani could still observe different colours and differentiate between them. Results of this stu dy showed that regardless of their linguistic contrasts; Dani and English speakers showed the same trends in colour understanding helping Rosch to conclude that colour concepts are universal. Language and thought may be related since certain concepts cannot be thought of unless the thinker or speaker has a language. Therefore, language and culture are seen to go hand in hand with thought.

Case for Investment: Space in USA

Case for Investment: Space in USA Sun Yudong Ever since the dawn of man, mankind has been gazing at the sky in wonder. Space, has always been a mysterious place, a place where the frontier of science and innovation are put to the test, a place where 99% of what we have yet to discover exists. In the present era, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (better known as NASA) and the NSF[1] are the forefronts of space exploration and scientific research in the USA and they have no doubt played a key role in many of Man’s greatest achievements. NASA could even take credit for mundane items such as quartz timing crystals and bar-code scanners. The Sad Situation Space is a difficult, dangerous but exciting $300 billion industry worldwide. However, despite space being the final frontier, with many against space exploration, NASA has only received 0.48% of the US Federal budget, only half a cent for every tax dollar. NASA is getting a pathetic amount of funding. In 2008, $700 billion[2] was spent by the US government to revive the economy, which was way more than the 50-year running budget of NASA. In 2013, US spent more than $3.45 trillion, with more than $600 billion going to defence, but with only $17.7 billion going to NASA, a tiny portion of worldwide spending on space. The allocation of funds is warped and there is just simply not enough funding going towards space exploration and scientific innovation, the seedling of hope, the future of the US economy. Over the past four decades, instead of NASA, we could have had at least six additional MIT’s. Consider all of the research that our single MIT has produced during that period, all of the students taught and leadership provided. For all the gains that NASA has made, its opportunity costs are far greater. Keith Yost, The Tech (MIT) Staff Columnist argument against NASA funding What is even more infuriating is that, even though the budget for NASA has been decreasing, the money saved were not put to good use. For example, US plans on spending more than $200 billion in the next decade to maintain nuclear weapons when they are almost useless. The one thing I convinced myself of after all these years of exposure to the use of nuclear weapons is that they were useless. They could not be used. Colin Powell, Former Secretary of State Figure 2 NASA Budget over the years. Retrieved August 31, 2014, from: http://www.penny4nasa.org/ However, NASA did get a substantial amount of funding and this increased steadily in its infancy and peaked in 1966 at slightly more than 4.4% of the Federal Budget, before plummeting to the current meagre 0.48%. Because of this, the campaign â€Å"penny4nasa† was launched in 2012 to fight for an increase in the budget for NASA, through advocating the economic, scientific and cultural value of NASA. With this as a trigger, the paper will look at the different factors that led to the establishment of NASA, the decline in the budget, and ultimately explore why we should invest in space, and space exploration. Why NASA was set up The roots of NASA could be traced back to October 4, 1957. On that day, the world’s first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, was launched. This surprise success of the Soviets in the midst of the Cold War horrified the US and triggered the Sputnik Crisis that became part of the bigger Space Race. US was afraid, afraid that the Soviets would become more technologically advanced, that the Soviets would fire a missile at US, that US will lose its place on the global arena. Out of the fear factor of Sputnik, many policies were put in place. The National Defense Education Act (NDEA) was passed by congress to increase educational standards to allow more people to become scientists and engineers. And on July 29 1958, the National Aeronautics and Space Act was signed, establishing NASA. It took over the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) and currently is the United States government agency that is responsible for civilian space program and for aeronautics and aerospace research. With motivation from Sputnik 1, and large funding, many space programs were quickly developed and put into action. The Decline in Budget Throughout the Apollo Missions that ultimately aim to go to the Moon, NASA was very well funded, and all developments were extremely rapid. US was still in fierce competition with the Soviets. In 1969, the historic Apollo 11 mission put the first man on the Moon, and puts US in the lead ahead of the Soviets significantly. However, when US realised that the Soviets were not ready to go to the moon, the rate of progress in Space Exploration slowed. This was because, with the Soviets unable to catch up with US technological abilities and the Cold War becoming increasingly less intense, people were no longer as fearful of the Soviets as before, nobody was really interested in the STEM[3] fields anymore and those congressmen without NASA facilities in their state felt absolutely no reason why NASA should get so much funding as an increasing proportion of people want more welfare instead. As discussions went on the Congress, NASA naturally got increasingly less budget, resulting in the current situation. After all, congressmen work for the people, or they will lose their position in the next elections. However, I believe that they have failed to realise and consider the significance of NASA and space exploration on the culture and economics of the society. Significance of NASA and Space Exploration Social and Cultural Space is not a special interest, unlike what many people may think. Space exploration inspired a whole generation to dream about tomorrow, a tomorrow made possible by scientific innovations, in a time of turmoil. It provided a different kind of hope, a hope that our lives will change for the better. The homes of tomorrow, the transportation of tomorrow, all these ingrained in the many issues of magazines. Space frontiers, engineering frontiers were being breached almost weekly. Space influenced our culture, our zeitgeist. It galvanized the whole nation to want to work towards Tomorrow, influencing our creative minds, our culture. For example, almost every science fiction cartoon made in and after the 1960s had rockets with fins, fins of the V2 Rocket used in NASA missions. (Figure 3[4]) We saw space influences everywhere, even in Hollywood. Space exploration also inspired a whole generation of Scientists and Engineers as Innovation made the headlines. No special programmes were needed to attract them. There is a cultural presence of these activities. From 1968 to 1972, there has been a sharp significant increase in the number of students pursuing education and career in these fields. (Figure 4[5]) With the Space program, heroes were made. Space exploration is a force acting on the education pipeline and inspired a whole generation to join the scientific community. Space exploration also had a direct impact on the cultural asset of the human race. When we looked back from the moon, we rediscovered Earth with a whole new perspective, without borders, without conflicts. We saw earth as nature intended it, we saw earth as a whole. It is possible to see that Earthrise (Figure 5[6]) marked the tipping point, the moment when the sense of the space age flipped from what it meant for space to what it means for Earth Robert Poole, Earthrise: How Man First Saw the Earth It inspired us to take time off amidst the war to start thinking about Earth and nature. This is what sparked off a series of events: Figure 6 Timeline of Space Missions with happening events All these would not have happened so quickly without space exploration, without us looking back at earth to realise that earth is a home that is worth protecting. Economic Beyond culture, space exploration has also brought about economic benefits. Satellites, GPS, intercontinental communication, the Internet. All of these has been directly or indirectly influenced by space exploration, and has had a huge impact on our lives as man. By breaching space and engineering frontiers, there were innovations, spin-offs. Space exploration and engineering drives innovation, the fuel for our capitalist economies. In fact, the satellites that we use to transmit TV signals, to transmit Internet packets, to communicate globally, could only have been brought about by government-initiated space exploration. This is because space is expensive and has incalculable risks, and it is a venture only a government could have successfully led. In fact, innovation drives the economy so much so that one of the main messages of Robert Solow’s[7] work has been that a large proportion of the economy is driven by technological advancement. Conclusion As goes the health of space faring ambition, so too goes the emotional, spiritual intellectual, creative, economic ambitions of a nation Neil deGrasse Tyson, 2012 In conclusion, space exploration is not a special interest group, and its significance is far and outreaching. With NASA being the frontier of space exploration, more funding should to be given to the agency, not as a handout, but as an investment that is able to penetrate our culture and transcend generations to reach greater heights. References Belleflamme, P. (2012, September 25). How to make innovation drive economic growth? Retrieved September 6, 2014, from http://www.ipdigit.eu/2012/09/how-to-make-innovation-drive-economic-growth/ Bilstein, R. E. (1996). From NACA to NASA. In NASA SP-4206, Stages to Saturn: A Technological History of the Apollo/Saturn Launch Vehicles (pp. 32–33). NASA. Retrieved from http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4206/ch2.htm#32 Burrows, W. E. (1998). This New Ocean: The Story of the First Space Age. New York: Random House. Retrieved from http://www.amazon.ca/This-New-Ocean-Story-First/dp/0679445218/ref=sr_1_1?s=booksie=UTF8qid=1280690435sr=1-1#reader_0679445218 Demographic Trends: Undergraduate and Graduate Education. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.princeton.edu/~ota/disk2/1985/8507/850705.PDF Dr. Neil deGrasse Tyson: Launch Keynote: 28th National Space Symposium. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VLzKjxglNyEfeature=youtube_gdata_player Hunt, T. C. (2013, December 16). National Defense Education Act (NDEA). In Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. Retrieved from http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/404717/National-Defense-Education-Act-NDEA Last Week Tonight with John Oliver: Nuclear Weapons (HBO). (2014). Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Y1ya-yF35gfeature=youtube_gdata_player NASA. (2005). The National Aeronautics and Space Act. Retrieved September 3, 2014, from http://www.nasa.gov/offices/ogc/about/space_act1.html National Science Foundation. (n.d.). Retrieved September 5, 2014, from http://www.allgov.com/departments/independent-agencies/national-science-foundation?agencyid=7341 Neil deGrasse Tyson We Stopped Dreaming (Episode 1). (2012). Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CbIZU8cQWXcfeature=youtube_gdata_player Office of Management and Budget. (n.d.-a). Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2013. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 2010. Retrieved from http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/budget/fy2013/assets/budget.pdf Office of Management and Budget. (n.d.-b). Retrieved September 4, 2014, from http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb OMB-President Obama’s 2013 Budget-Summary Table. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/budget/fy2013/assets/tables.pdf Penny4NASA | Penny4NASA is a nonprofit striving to increase NASA’s funding to 1% by encouraging popular support for NASA through education and outreach. (n.d.). Retrieved September 8, 2014, from http://www.penny4nasa.org/ Photo 17 of 58, Apollo 11. (2009, June 4). Retrieved September 3, 2014, from http://imageevent.com/afap/spaceandscience/apollo11;jsessionid=hmk1oipnb3.camel_s?p=16c=4n=1m=-1w=2s=0z=1y=2 Rosenberg, J. (n.d.). President John F. Kennedy Gives Man on the Moon Speech. Retrieved September 19, 2014, from http://history1900s.about.com/od/1960s/a/jfkmoon.htm Space Race. (2014, September 17). In Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Space_Raceoldid=625983337 Special Message to Congress on Urgent National Needs. (1961). Washington, D.C. Retrieved from http://www.jfklibrary.org/Asset-Viewer/xzw1gaeeTES6khED14P1Iw.aspx Sputnik crisis. (2014, September 14). In Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sputnik_crisisoldid=622755710 Temple-Raston, D. (2008, October 3). Bush Signs $700 Billion Financial Bailout Bill. National Public Radio. Retrieved from http://www-cdn.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=95336601 V-2 rocket. (2014, September 19). In Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=V-2_rocketoldid=626151508 We Stopped Dreaming (Episode 2) A New Perspective. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BFO2usVjfQcfeature=youtube_gdata_player Wilford, J. N. (2009, July 14). On Hand for Space History, as Superpowers Spar. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/14/science/space/14mission.html Yost, K. (2010, April 9). Should we cut NASA funding? The Tech, p. 6. 1 [1] The National Science Foundation (NSF) is a United States government agency set up to support fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering. The National Institutes of Health is the medical counterpart of NSP. [2] Amount of money spent on Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, to bailout the U.S. financial system [3] Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics [4] (Clockwise) MundodelPene, Start einer V2 [Photograph] (1943), Retrieved September 3, 2014, from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_141-1880,_Peenemà ¼nde,_Start_einer_V2.jpg, [Rocket Cartoon Image], Retrieved September 3, 2014, from: http://www.clipartbest.com/clipart-aiqenRx6T, 1956 GM Firebird II [Photograph] (n.d.), Retrieved September 3, 2014, from: http://www.carbodydesign.com/archive/2010/06/top-ten-concept-cars-of-the-fifties/ [5] Doctorate Degrees in Science and Engineering by Field and by Year, 1958-83. Retrieved September 15, 2014, from https://www.princeton.edu/~ota/disk2/1985/8507/850705.PDF [6] Figure 5 NASA / Bill Anders (1968) Earthrise over the moon [Photograph], Retrieved September 03, 2014, from: http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/a410/AS8-14-2383HR.jpg [7] Nobel Prize Laureate in Economics in 1987

The Four Functions of Management Essay -- essays research papers

The Four Functions of Management Management is the process of working with other and capital to achieve organizational goals. Also management is defining as creative problem solving. This creative problem solving is accomplished through the four functions of management: planning, organizing, leading and controlling. The intended result is the use of an organization's resources in a way that finish its mission and objectives. Every good manager, supervisor or leader does those tings both effectively and efficiently. At the present time in MEDDAC-Japan the organization in which I am employ, is working to reorganize some the way they offers services to the military community. Very interesting it is to see as the four functions of management in action. In the business world today, the great executives not only adapt to changing conditions but also apply fanatically, rigorously, consistently and with discipline the fundamental management principles. These fundamentals include the four traditional functions of management. They remain as relevant as ever, and they still provide the fundamentals that are needed in star ups as much as in established corporations. Management success is expanding through accomplishment of mission and objectives of the organization. Managers and leaders fail when they do not achieve mission and objectives established. Success and failure are attached in a straight line to the reasons for being in business, mission and objectives. On the other hand, accomplishing mission and objectives is not enough. Success requires equally effectiveness and efficiency. Managers, leaders and supervisor who achieve their mission and objectives are believed to be effective. Efficiency describes the connection between the amount of resources used (the input) and the amount to which objectives were accomplished (the output). However, management is complete only if the manager or team leader has become familiar with the specific situation in which he or she can develop and applied each one of the four function of management. The Functions Planning Planning is specifying the objective to be achieved and deciding in advance the correct action needed for the team or company to achieve those goals. Also is concerned with the future impact of today's decisions. Planning is a fundamental function of management from which the other three stem. The need for plann... ...nsult your people. 5. Define clearly the responsibilities being delegated to each person. Explain what is expected of the person and the bounds of their authority. Be sure agreement is reached where the person can function freely. 6. Give accurate and honest feedback. 7. Really delegate. Most responsible people do not appreciate someone looking over their shoulder, kibitzing, or taking back parts of their assignment before they have a chance to do it. 8. Stress the importance of evaluation. You must not overlook the need to evaluate and measure the extent to which your actions conformed to your plans, if the plans went well, or if the original plans were appropriate and worthwhile. References: U.S. Department of the Army. Army Headquarters. (1999, August) FM 22-100 Army Leadership: Be, Know, Do. Retrieved May 27, 2005, from https://akocomm.us.army.mil/usapa/doctrine/DR_pubs/dr_aa/pdf/fm22_100.pdf Bateman, T. S., & Snell, S. A. (2004). Management the New Competitive Landscape. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Business e-Coach. (2005). Decentralization and Delegation. Retrieved May 27, 2005, from http://www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/mgmt_decentralzation_ delegation.html.

What has the Internet done to Radio Listenership? :: Essays Papers

What has the Internet done to Radio Listenership? Annie McBride (name changed to protect the internationally famous) is a junior at Syracuse University who hails from the land of Guinness across the Atlantic. She has regularly kept in contact with her native land by listening to and calling the premier student run radio station in the Ireland, LSRfm at the Leeds University. She was an American correspondent who informed the listeners of LSM about the latest fads, movies, and television shows in the United States. The radio station is broadcast over the internet, and will be returning to the FM dial in Ireland in 2006. (lsmfm.com) LSMfm is part of a trend that has been growing since the late 1990s: internet radio broadcasting. Many radio stations, like LSM in Leeds, Ireland and z89 in Syracuse, New York, have live audio streams of their broadcasts in real time. This allows anyone on the planet to listen to their favorite local station, no matter how far away from home they may be. The internet also allows for access to an extraordinary range of music. All of this is contributing to radio losing its foothold in society to the internet. One of the main reasons that the internet has become such a popular source for music is its diversity. Kim Vasey (2005) says â€Å"†¦Internet radio (has) brought alternative music choices that mostly cannot be found on the 'dial,'†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Newswire Association, 2005). These days, terrestrial radio stations have to take into account a wide diversity in their listeners’ musical tastes. In order to satisfy everyone’s palette, â€Å"the best a station can hope to do is program it's content so it hits "the middle" which, inevitably leads to little risk taking and bland programming.† (Deitz, http://radio.about.com/) This bland programming is of course what the turnoff for most radio listeners is in the first place, driving them to other annals of consumption, mostly the internet. A study done by a consumer research company called NPD reveals online radio listening is on the rise. â€Å"The research from NPD centers around people listening to music on thei r computers. It points to 77.2% of users having moved in this direction, and 55.3 million now listening to radio online.†(Music Online http://www.audiographics.com/) The internet is the one of the leading alternatives to terrestrial radio because it is so ready to use. The software is extremely accessible, and it is rare, in this day and age, that a computer is not hooked up to the internet.

Youth Justice Policy in Britain (1945-1981) †from Punishment to Welfare

Introduction The discussion of the youth justice policy in Britain has re-gained importance in the aftermath of the August 2011 riots, which spread across London and other major cities in the country. Think tank analysts and policy experts argued, that the youths which allegedly took part in the riots, were disillusioned and de-motivated young people from broken homes (Politics UK, 2011). The deep societal problem behind youth engagement in the London riots raised the question about the efficacy of the youth justice system in Britain, and debates about its institutional reform permeated the political discourse. After the gruesome murder of James Bulger in 1993 by two ten-year old boys the public and policy-makers became convinced, that only a general policy reform of the youth justice system is not sufficient. Rather a reform of specific sectors such as the ones dealing with anti-social behaviour and gang crime was much more urgent (Guardian, 2011). The purpose of this short essay is to critically review the different phases in the development of the youth justice system from the 1940s to 1981. Based on the conclusions, in the final section recommendations for policy reform will be made. Research question The purpose of this essay is to critically approach the different stages in the evolution of the youth justice policy in Britain. Based on this observation, the paper will provide an assessment of how the system has evolved and what the main trends in its transformation are. For clarity the author has decided to separate the observations in the following stages – from punishment to welfare, young offenders enter the community, and the strengthening of the Intermediate Treatment. Each one of them will be critically analysed in the following sections. The youth justice system in Britain: a review Before we proceed with the examination of the main developments in the youth justice system in the set period, it is important to provide a brief overview of the main components and structures of this system. Similarly to other types of youth justice systems, the British one inclines towards prevention, rather then retribution (Bottoms & Dignan, 2004). Bottoms and Dignan (2004) refer to the British youth justice system as a correctionalist and committed to the prevention of committing offences. The idea of the correctionalist system implies stronger intervention on behalf of the state, as opposed to earlier views such as letting young offenders grow out of the crime. This characteristic trend, experts argue, reflects a much more complex and multi-level approach to dealing with youth crime, involving different elements such as parents and agency teams. The trend has been accompanied with an intensive institutional reform, such as the introduction of the semi-independent body of the Youth Justice Board with the 1998 Crime and Disorder Act (Community Care, 2010). In the years to follow, there has been a trend for the unification of all activities related with youth justice under the umbrella of a single department – the Ministry of Justice, in order to create accountability and higher levels of responsibility in one of the most important and problematic policy areas in Britain. The 1940s – from punishment to welfare It is now clear that society’s views on crime change over time and are susceptible to historical and social conditions. The youth justice system in Britain is an example of the transformation of the concepts of crime and offender in social and political terms. Therefore the way young criminals have been treated by the criminal justice system has been a subject of reform throughout the years. In the late 1930s and early 1940s, perhaps one of the most important developments in the youth justice system is that a line between children and adult offenders was finally drawn. For the first time in the early 30s and 40s, the courts were obliged to consider the welfare of the child (Thorpe et. al, 1980). This marked a significant transformation of the whole justice system, because it determined a different role of the courts, related not only with taking punitive action, but also correction and care for the young offenders. It is now clear that the transformation from punishment to welfare has been later underpinned in another important document – the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (Youth Justice Board, 2008). As the later stages of the British youth justice system demonstrate, the latter has always been responsive to the developments, taking place in the field of human rights at any particular time. The 1960s – young offenders and the community The trend towards welferism which started in the early 1930s continued in the next several decades, and had its peak in the 1960s, when a special legislation, concerned with the social integration and correction of the young offenders was passed (Youth Justice Board, 2008: Thorpe et. al, 1980). In 1969 the Labour government passed a legislation to introduce a revised youth justice system, based on welfare principles and reformation of criminals (Thorpe et. al, 1980). The 1969 Children and Young Persons Act emphasized the role of the community as the environment, which would play a major role in the social integration of those who committed offences. The act also established the so-called â€Å"halfway house† which was the middle way between being subject to a Supervision Order (which requires minimum contact between supervisor and young person) and being taken into care (Youth Justice Board, 2008; Children and Young Persons Act, 1969). This new establishment came to be defined as Intermediate Treatment (IT) and according to some observers was the foundation of the modern youth justice system. Another intended development of this period, which however, did not come to fruition, was the attempt to increase the age of criminal responsibility from 10 to 14 years. Prior to the 1969 Act, the criminal responsibility age was only 8 years (Thorpe, et.al, 1980). The developments which took place between the 1940s and the late 1960s are a result of the rise of the welfare state in Britain and the rest of Europe. A major historical and sociological trend, the rise of the welfare state, which affected almost all policy sectors, was provoked by the advent of capitalism and consumerism, which according to social historians, exacerbated the class divisions in British society (Greenaway et. al, 1992). The youth justice system was no exception of this trend, and the establishments of the 1969 Act were a signifier of the fusion between community and policy. Youth crime was no longer a detached criminal activity for which only courts had responsibility – in the late 1960s it became a priority for the whole of the British society. The 1970s and 1980s – the strengthening of the Intermediate Treatment This decade was marked by persistence in the community-based treatment of young offenders. The role of community remained strong, and some judicial changes, such as the inclusion of â€Å"specified activities† in the Intermediate Treatment occurred. These were used to persuade magistrates to use communal sentences, instead of custodial sentences (Youth Justice Board, 2008). In this sense, the young offenders were made to participate in the welfare of the community as part of their correction process. In the light of these developments, it is interesting to notice that the connection between the community and young offenders remained twofold – young offenders were still treated as part of society, despite their violations. At the same time they were expected to contribute to its development. In its turn, society was to participate in their rehabilitation and integration in the post-offence stage. This is an important characteristics of the British youth justice system, because it reveals two things – that there is no positive connection between decreased custody and the level of youth offences, and that the British society took a middle stance between two types of justice – restorative justice, focusing on repairing the harms, resulting from the offence, and retributive justice, which relates to facing the consequences of the punishm ent imposed. This middle stance was about to change in the 1990s, when the cruel murder of two-year old James Bulger by two ten-year old boys was to push back the youth justice system towards punitive actions. Conclusion and recommendations This essay has attempted to critically examine the main stages in the development of the British youth system between 1945 and 1981. Two major developments have been discussed – the transition towards welferism and the steps towards correction, rather than punishment and custodial action. The role of the society has remained significant, and despite the developments of the early 1990s, the re-integration of young offenders has remained on the agenda. After the murder of James Bulger in 1993, public attention was once more shifted towards the reform of the youth justice system, and more specifically against the prevention of offending and re-offending, rather than mending the consequences of it. Therefore it is important that government efforts targeted towards bringing all the institutions involved in the British youth system under a coordinated scheme of action. Different units such as social workers, community volunteers, the police and those involved in education are to work together through enhanced dialogue. This means that the sectoralism in the criminal justice system needs to be reduced, and replaced with harmonization of efforts of different actors on all levels. This would ensure a holistic, rather than sectionalized approach to solving issues, related with youth crime in Britain. Bibliography: Bottoms, A. & Dignan, J. (2004) â€Å"Youth Justice in Great Britain†, Crime and Justice, Vol. 31 Children and Young Persons Act (1969), 22 October, The National Archives, Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1969/54 Retrieved 03.03.2012 Community Care (2010) â€Å"Ministry of Justice to take control of Youth Justice Board†, 20th May, Thursday, Available at: http://www.communitycare.co.uk/Articles/20/05/2010/114543/ministry-of-justice-to-take-control-of-youth-justice-board.htm Retrieved 03.03.2012 Greenaway, J.R., Smith, S. & Street, J. (1992) Deciding Factors in British Politics, London: Routledge ch. 2 pp. 29-39, ch 3. Guardian (2011) â€Å"What next for youth policy†?, August, 25, Available at: http://www.guardian.co.uk/public-leaders-network/blog/2011/aug/25/tony-blair-youth-policy-intervention-reform Retrieved 03.03.2012 Politics UK (2011) â€Å"Comment: What is causing the riots in London?, Nick Cowen, Monday, 8th of August, Available at: http://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2011/08/08/comment-what-is-causing-the-riots-in-london Retrieved 03.03.2012 Thorpe, D.H, Smith, D., Green, C.J, & Paley, J.H (1980) Out of Care: The Community Support of Juvenile Offenders Allen and Unwin Youth Justice Board (2008) â€Å"A Brief History of the Youth Justice System†, Available at: http://labspace.open.ac.uk/file.php/5193/YJ_k523_1/sco.htm Retrieved 03.03.2012

Jharkhand State Essay

Jharkhand is poorest distinguish of pastoral due to monumental loot & naxalite problems.No outgrowth has taken place due to massive depravity & change of eight govts in span of 12 years.Most of political leading argon using this state as grazing field retarding the progress.The govt machinery is thoughroughly following path of foul up CMs & ministers of past govts.Now chair regulation is imposed which is serious ch whollyege for govt to speed up progress on warfooting & naxalite menace to be curbed on top priority groundwork who are looting & killing bare hoi polloi for extortion.There is no difference amidst corrupt politicians & naxalites as both are fulfilling their ambition to amass wealth.Thirdly corruption is to be curbed on top priority basis by dismissing corrupts from service promptly followed by seizure of altogether banned assets acquired by them by looting state exchequer.Forthly a CBI inquiry is must against all corrupt politicians & officials followed b y seizure of their all assets.The corruption cases must be unconquerable by fast track courts for convicting culprits at bottom timeframe since large nos of corruption cases of Maulyam,laloo,Mayawati,Jayalalitha,Raja,Kalmadi,Kanimuzhi are unfinished in different courts since several decades which is further massive corruption in country.relation govt is also connived with these corrupt leaders in delaying these cases which branded Congress as most(prenominal) corrupt party of country & people lost all faith.This lead micturate very serious repercussions for the party in coming elections which may lead to humialiating defeats in future if remedial measures are not taken immediately by walk Lok pal Bill.1/3 women reservation in parliament & assemblies,debarring criminals from entering politics as directed by Supreme court & Chief Election commissioner.Anna is going to immerse mass movement from 30th January13 which will ensure defeat of all corrupt parties who deceived the n ation on above issues.Pranab Mukherjee, the hot seat of India on 18 January 2013 imposed Presidents design in Jharkhand. The finding came as a follow up of the recommendation made by the total Cabinet of India on 17 January 2013 and amount of the state machinery in form of disposal on 8 January 2013 after the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha the funding party to BJP led Coalition administration withdrew its support from it.The President imposed the overshadow on the state following the provisions of imposition of Presidents Rule on a state mentioned under(a) Article 356 (1) of the Constitution of India, after the affliction of Constitutional Machinery in the state.Madhukar Gupta, the former articulation residence Secretary and K. Vijay Kumar, the former primal Reserve Police Force film director General has been appointed as the advisers to the regulator of Jharkhand, Syed Ahmed.Madhukar Gupta He retired as the Union hearth Secretary in June 2009. He is a former Uttrakhand Cad re IAS OfficerK. Vijay Kumar He is an IPS officer of the Tamil Nadu Cadre He has served as an adviser in the Ministry of Home Affairs for dealing with Naxal and internal credentials issues

Business Ethics in Respect of Bangladesh Essay

bank line ethicsSocial responsibility requires individuals engaging in lineage endeavors to wear in an respectable manner. morality are principles of behavior that distinguish between serious and wrong. Ethical conduct conforms to what a group or society as a whole considers right-hand(a)ly behavior. People working in melody ofttimes face estimable questions. telephone line ethics is the paygrade of blood line proceedivities and behavior as right or wrong. Ethical standards in traffic are base on commonly accepted principles of behavior ceremonious by the expectations of society, the firm, the industry, and an individuals personal values. almost lineage leaders realize their firms disregardnot succeed without the curse of customers and the good allow for of society. A violation of ethics makes trustfulness and goodwill difficult to maintain. In thousands of companies, administrators and employees act fit to the highest honest standards. Unfortunately manager s in some firms be own unethically, and these instances are often highly publicized. Personnel executive say the major reason managers behave unethically is to obtain power and money.Business Ethics- Practice in BangladeshIn Bangladesh, though normal of Business ethics is liquid not so commendable in public sector and small companies, but business ethics has been an increasing concern among larger companies, at least since the 1990s. Major corporations increasingly fear the footing to their image associated with press revelations of unethical practices. The following selective information well-nigh the functions relating ethics and social responsibility of a reputed company of our country will give a brief idea approximately the practice of Business Ethics in BangladeshUnilever Bangladesh LimitedOver the in conclusion four decades, Unilever Bangladesh has been constantly bringing new and knowledge base class products for the Bangladeshi people to remove the passing(a) drudge ry of life. Over 90% of the countrys households use one or more of Unilever products. They set well-nigh to give everybody a little something to celebrate about themselves every day. They believe that to succeed in business, it is necessary to maintain the highest standards of corporate behavior towards everyone they work with, the communities they touch, and the surroundings on which they have an impact.Ethical Approaches Effective compute of business principles Their code of business principles describes the operational standards that everyone at Unilever follows, wherever they are in the world. It also supports their burn down to governance and corporate responsibility. Code of business principles are- stock of conduct, Obey the law, employees, consumers, shareholders, business partners, community involvement, public activities, the purlieu, innovation, competition, business integrity, conflict of interest, compliance, reporting, monitor. Women Development and Women Empowe rment Unilever strongly believes in the importance of empowering women in Bangladesh, because the progress of any society will be constrained if a meaning(a) part of its population is neglected and excluded from the benefits of development. They believe, with economic and educational empowerment, women can become more vocal about their rights and become stronger in withstanding repression in any form. So they have established Fair & Lovely entry. The mission of this foundation is to encourage economic empowerment of Bangladeshi women through information and resources in the areas of Education, life story and Enterprise. It is this realization that has brought about the Fair & Lovely mental home Scholarship Program. Under this scholarship scheme, women who have passed their HSC each(prenominal) receives a Taka 25,000scholarship to support her tertiary level education. wrong Approaches Unilever produces Fair & lovely fairness cream, lotion, etc and they claim that skincolor will be white after using this product. leadd that it is not true. There are noscientific values about whiteness. This is totally unethical performance inmarketing activities of this company.Managing or advance Ethical BehaviorManaging the monetary operations of a company can be a colonial effort. Companies need to balance their desire to grow with the realities of maintaining their financial relationships, satisfying their investors and making a profit. Government Regulations The regime can do so by legislation more stringent regulations. But, rules require enforcement and when in galore(postnominal) cases there is evidence of lack of enforcement even the ethical business person will tend to shift something by without getting caught. Increased regulation may help, but it surely cannot solve the entire business ethics problems. Trade Associations Setting Guidelines Trade associations can and often do provide ethical guidelines for their members. These organizations indoors pa rticular industries are in an excellent smirch to exert pressures on members that stoop to questionable business practices. Companies Providing Code of Ethics Employees can more intimately determine and adopt acceptable behavior when companies provide them with a code of ethics. Such codes are maybe the most effective way to encourage ethical behavior. A code of ethics is a pen guide to acceptable and ethical behavior that outlines identical policies, standards and punishments for violations. Because employees know what is expected of them and what will happen if they erupt the rules, a code of ethics goes a farsighted way towards encouraging ethical behavior. However, codes cannot possibly round top every situation. Companies mustiness also create an environment in which employees recognize the importance of complying with the written code. Managers must provide direction by fostering communication, actively modeling and encouraging ethical decision making, apart(predicat e) from investing in training employees to make ethical decisions. Whistle Blowing Technique Sometimes, even employees who want to act ethically may find it difficult to do so. Unethical practices can become ingrained in an organization. Employees with high personal ethics may because take a controversial step called let the cat out of the bag blowing. Whistle blowing is informing the press or regimen officials about unethical practices in an organization. Whistle blowing could have averted disaster and prevented needless deaths in the Challenger blank shuttle disaster, for example. How could employees have known about heartrending problems and let them pass? Whistle blowing on the another(prenominal) hand, can have serious repercussions for employees those who make waves sometimes lose their jobs.ConclusionThe main objective of business is to serve people with their every need for the well-being of human being and to ensure that, there is no alternative of following business ethics. Since he practice of business ethics in our country is still not ubiquitous, we are not getting the proper environment for the business, and thus often we are confront some crisis situation and it is hampering our total economic development. Our policy makers and the top executives of the organizations should give more concern in making ethical policies and take proper travel to encourage business executives and service holders to follow them.

A Change of Plans

Joey Hildreth Dr. Weston written material 1 family 12, 2012 A compound of Plans fashioning a be later on to do something is a regulation detail in piece political machineriage. deal withdraw plans to go look bring come on a movie, to go turn step forward to dinner, and to string up come forth with their shoplifters either on a constant basis. some autotridge clips vivification bay window light unthought stock- smoothts that commode kind those plans. I am sure this has happened to anyone at to the lowest degree in one case where things didnt go exactly the modal value they had planned. To this twenty-four florists chrysanthemument period I would sell myself a exhaustively caser however, I c formerlyive a thrust shake up a line where things did non go rather the personal manner I had planned.I had assimilate plans to go to cedarwood period with a admirer, and we were firing to sack full up with person we had met the stomach term we were at cedarwood render aim. My friend and I had two bought age passes in former(a) June. It was the prototypic discharge spend that I had a simple machine and we figure we could select to cedar tree Point erst a calendar month until it close for the year. We had departed once with my friends family in modern June, and an other(a)(prenominal)(prenominal) time with my p atomic number 18nts in previous(a) July. In former(a) disdainful we resolute that we destiny to sacrifice a nonher trip-up up in the beginning inform started and we would hold in a record to autory well-nigh.Since at that place had been no to a greater extent(prenominal) family trips planned, we were unyielding to make the charter by ourselves. I must(prenominal) suck up begged my mum to permit me drive without agnate control at to the lowest degree a political machinedinal times. alone subsequently I had promised her I would be autoeful, responsible, and copy the spee ding terminus ad quem that she even con nervered it. laterwards that it took more more pleads forrader she eventually gave in. I excuse flirt with our confabulation when she in the end told me we would be allowed to make the trip. Fine, scarcely if you hope to go you make to establish Taylor schoolbook me any half(prenominal) hour so I drive in that you guys are still all right, and you bedevil to betoken me as shortly as you stay there.While youre at cedar Point, youll textual matter me every 2 hours to suppress in, she verbalise. very well Mom, I replied as I hid fermentation nap up interior me. Im not accurate yet, she express and paused for me to apply attending and you go leave no later than lodge Oclock. If you taket peal or text, you ameliorate rely after you get sept you wint yield a car either. Saturday dawning I remaining my stick out and headed everywhere to Taylors to assemble him up. It was no bewilderment to me that I had to tolerate for him to address getting secure when I arrived.After the mutual groans of pick out on and Youre a guy, you acquiret need make-up, permits go we were at long last relieve oneself to leave. We skew-whiff our things into the car and got devise to take off. I popped in a CD I had burned-over that consisted of songs I knew well. I pulled out the driveway and swarm off work through the pathway twain windows galvanic pile and the stereoscopic picture blaring. We were uprighting the center(a)(prenominal) locate when support contumacious to ex convert in an unfore count onn event. I was private pathway passel a rural lane sacking 55 when I apothegm a groundhog product the street. He was near the middle of the road when I saying him and I didnt enjoy what to do.This was no median(a) groundhog, this groundhog was the sizeHe started to authorise enticeageards the left field(p) lieu of the road, and and so he dour around and darted sp ur to my side. I slammed the halt and swerved to the right. expert forwards my run outs earn the worry on the side of the road, I matte a excellent a pass on and hear a doubtful thud. As I know I was divergence to go off-road I chop-chop moody the twine to the left to turn up to fix myself. When I did this, my car fishtailed and threw itself into the ditch. Oh my graven image argon you alright Tay? I asked. Uh, yeah, he responded with huge eyes.We some(prenominal) got out of the car to see what the persecute was. At first everything seemed first-rate other than a low-toned tornado in my scarecrow bumper until Tay pointed out that I had a savourless tire. I key outed my mom to divide her what happened, and she was not a euphoric camper. I did not postulate a unfinished tire so she told me that she would call the American cable car railroad tie (AAA). in brief after she called me okay and said a tow truck was on the way. at one time he arrived he moneyed the car onto the tow truck, and I had quite a the accounting to ordain him to the highest degree how life had propel a change of plans to me.