The Government Should Not Cut Education Budgets To solve Its Financial Research Paper

The Government Should Not Cut Education Budgets To solve Its Financial Problems - Research Paper Example The proposed way to give the United States a continued competitive edge in today’s complex world is to give students in the U.S. an excellent education. Educational funding should not be used to solve the national budget crisis because: 1) money needs to be cut from the national defense budget, which is overcompensated; 2) education is too important to be relegated to lesser funding; and 3) cutting the budget for education will promote an elitist society because many people will see an education as a privilege and not a right. A Bloated National Defense Budget Defense spending being cut could be the solution to solving not only the nation’s budget crisis, but could also be used to funnel more money into education as a result. More money for the budget would then allow one to logically then conclude there would be more money for education in the national budget. "Consistent with US military needs and declining threats, defense spending will be cut [emphasis added], which will help reduce the deficit and provide funds to invest for economic growth."1 Unfortunately, military spending in the United States has gotten out of control. â€Å"Government control over the military's budget is also deficient, because the government lacks the ability to estimate the army's needs and to evaluate the manner in which its budget is utilized.†2 First when Pres. George W. Bush invaded Iraq without consulting Congress or the international community, he pledged American troops to eight years of combat in Iraq—from which the country still has not recovered. It has been ten years that the United States has been engaged in combat in Afghanistan as well. Both wars have drained the U.S. of its budget surplus which was in effect when Pres. Bill Clinton left office. That surplus quickly dwindled with the advent of the two wars. If less money was spent on wars and more money was pumped into education, perhaps schools all across the country would not require rest ructuring due to failing Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) benchmarks since the advent of the No Child Left Behind Act. America, frankly speaking, must prioritize in order to realize what is really important—having an educated public to make good decisions, or keeping the American people safe from all the possible dangers of the world by getting involved in every major conflict in the globe that could potentially endanger vested U.S. interests. These are difficult choices but they must be made, because the country’s energies are being divided in a haphazard fashion. Education: Too Important to Ignore The problems began when President Bush got elected to office in 2000 and started whittling down the surplus Bill Clinton had left behind when he left the office of the President—severely making cuts to education. â€Å"[President Bush’s] budget cut†¦funding for elementary and secondary education, denying 3.2 million children the extra reading and math help they were promised by the so-called No Child Left Behind Act.†3 Although President Barack Obama came to office in January of 2009 promising â€Å"change,† unfortunately he is also making cuts to education, including grants for history. â€Å"The President’s fiscal year 2012 budget request for the Department of Education once again eliminates Teaching American History Grants (TAH) as a separately funded program†¦

Analysis of Ethical Decision Making Literature review - 102

Analysis of Ethical Decision Making - Literature review Example Nevertheless, the ethical roles of managers are that their decision-making processes be aimed at maximizing the wealth of the shareholders and the business in general. As such, the utilization of the ethics principal in decision-making processes ensure that the laws are strictly observed and that individuals have no chance to manipulate them through dubious activities such as corruption, fraud among others.   Most businesses across the world have emphasized on ethical leadership which articulates that there must be a combination of personal morality and professional morality in order to generate an ethical decision-making process. In terms of personal morality, there must be a combination of characters such as honesty, trustworthiness, integrity among others. Similarly, the professional aspect should entail forthrightness in relation to the business and society at large. Additionally, morality involves behaviors such as doing the right things, being concern about the welfare of other people, and being open with issues. Consequently, managers are expected to practice various approaches that are related to ethical decision making such as egoism approach, deontology approach and utilitarianism approach which ought to serve as guidance in their profession.  Ã‚   An egoism approach in ethical decision making revolves around the actions of an individual pertaining to making a particular decision. It argues that any good action is best approved by an individual.  Ã‚  

Dependent Variables Depression Anxiety Stress Psychology Essay

Dependent Variables Depression Anxiety Stress Psychology Essay Adolescence is a crucial phase in life, during which the teenagers can succumb to conditions like depression, anxiety and stress which can increase chance of mental illnesses. The present study aims at measuring the level of depression, Anxiety and Stress of the 10th std students between the age group of 14-15 years studying in rural and urban High Schools. The sample of the study obtained using purposive sampling consisted of 60 students (30 urban and 30 rural) drawn from two schools one from the metropolitan city of Hyderabad and the other from Nagarkurnool, Mahboobnagar district. In order to carry on the research, the investigator used DAS scale (Depression, Anxiety and Stress) developed by the  University of New South Wales (Australia) 1995 . Adolescence is a transitional stage of physical and psychological human development generally occurring between puberty and legal adulthood. The period of adolescence is most closely associated with the teenage years, although its physical, psychological and cultural expressions can begin earlier and end later. In adolescence, cognitive developments result in greater self awareness of others and their thoughts and judgments, the ability to think about abstract, future possibilities, and the ability to consider multiple possibilities at once. As a result, adolescents experience a significant shift from the simple, concrete, and global self descriptions typical of young children; as children, they defined themselves with physical traits whereas as adolescents, they define themselves based on their values, thoughts and opinions. The competitive nature of present day educational system has great influence on the youngsters. Every student is faced with a high demand to surpass oneself. Fa ilure to do so may often be considered as a mark of the failure of ones existence by the youngster, whose limited life experience does not permit him/her to seek an alternative. Home and school are the centers of these problems. Most of the conflicting issues arise because of the fear of loss of friends, parents. They become entangled in the grip of insecurity. Most of the time they have this fear that if they are not able to meet expectations of their near and dear ones then he or she will lose them. The additional burden of general expectations of parents, friends, teachers etc stresses the youngster and when confronted with failure hurts their self-esteem. Adolescents thus see themselves in highly conflicting situations, as they often expect to perform their best in the academic field. They often get frustrated, anxious and stressed that suicide becomes their only escape. It is important to realize that stress affects memory and the psychological well being of students. Academic stress particularly among students has been assessed as one of the most important causal factors for adolescents depression. The term depression is difficult to define because of the ambiguity inherent in it. Depression as a medical condition in which a person feels very sad and anxious and often has physical symptoms such as being unable to seep etc Inability to do so leads to stress and this begins to wear out people and the result is most often depression. Stress is the major factor influencing depression. Depression is a state of emotional dejection. Extreme feelings of hopelessness, sadness, isolation, worry, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or low self worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, low energy and poor concentration are the signs of depression. According to salmons (1997), depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity that can affect a persons thoughts, behavior, feelings and physical well-being. . The depressed person has negative thoughts, low self-esteem, the feeling of the hopelessness about the future, loss of motivation, change in aptitude, sleep disturbance, an d loss of energy. Depression is closely related to anxiety, most depressed individuals have high levels of anxiety (Mac Leod,Byrne,Valentine,1996) Anxiety is a subjective state of internal discomfort. . It is a normal emotion with adaptive value, in it that acts as a warning system to alert a person to impending danger. Anxiety is a mood -state characterized by negative effects, bodily symptoms of tensions and apprehension about the future (American Psychological Association,1995).psychologists believe that a small amount of anxiety helps to arouse individuals to perform better(Yerkes and Dodson,1908). However, a large amount of anxiety might hinder performance. Anxiety is considered to be a universal phenomenon existing across cultures, although its contexts and manifestations are influenced by cultural beliefs and practices (Good Kleinman, 1985; Guarnaccia, 1997). Generally, more girls than boys develop anxiety disorders and symptoms. Adolescent girls report a greater number of worries, more separation anxiety, and higher levels of generalized anxiety (Campbell Rapee, 1994; Costello, Egger Angold, 2003; Poulton, Milne, Cra ske Menzies, 2001; Weiss Last, 2001). Anxiety is known to affect both learning and performance (McDonald, 2001), no empirical research has explored the relationship between adolescent anxiety and school type, school choice, or mode of instruction. In India ,the main documented cause of anxiety among adolescents is parents high educational expectations and pressure for academic achievement. Stress is a state of mind involving demand on physical or mental energy, a state or circumstance that disturbs the normal, physical and mental health of a person. Stress is a consequence of or a general response to an action or situation that places special physical or psychological demands, or both, on a person. As such, stress involves an interaction of the person and the environment. According to Hans Selye (1974) stress is a response of the body to any stimulus that upset the individuals homeostasis. Any experience that affects ones homeostasis is considered to be stress (Rice, 1992). Hans Selye further defined stress as the nonspecific response of the body to demand made upon it. Stress is a condition and the stimuli causing it called stressors or triggers. Stress can be either positive or negative and can be further divided into two groups which are external and internal (Selye, 2009). Early in the 20th century, it was believed that children and adolescents could not suffer from depression. Later in the century, psychologists changed their minds and accepted that children can get depressed, however many agreed childhood depression is different from adult depression (Clarizio, 1989). A major cause or trigger of depression in the adolescents is thought to be stress. A predisposition to depression may also play a role; nonetheless, the additive stresses of every day adolescent life often appear to trigger depression (Clarizio 1989). There is a complex relationship between depression and suicide. Many depressed patients are suicidal and conversely most but not all suicidal individual manifest depressive mode and symptoms if not depressive illness (Pfeffer, 1989.) Adolescence can be a crucial phase in every ones life. There can be a lot emotional upheaval and stress. Adolescents can experience stress from family discord at home as well as having difficulties with peer relationships at school and academic performance. Adolescence during this period under goes with major changes body changes, change in thought pattern, and changes in feelings. Strong feelings of stress, confusion, fear and uncertainty, as well as pressure to succeed, and the ability to think about things in new ways influence a teenagers problem solve and decision making abilities. Majority of the adolescents undergo stress, whatever the sources may be internal or external it hampers the major functioning of the body. Most of the youngsters face multiple problems in their life. Each individual has to cope with different kinds of pressures laid down by the society and family. On the verge of coping those pressures, an individual himself or herself unconsciously frames a net and is caught in the same. Most of the students are pseudo they keep their own self in a rosy world and when they are confronted with the actual situation, they are unable to handle and thus it throws them to a stressful situation. The present study aim on the level of depression, anxiety, stress in the urban and the rural students. Contemporary views on the structure of negative emotion have largely arrived from the well documented observation that scores from various instruments designed to measure the levels of depression and anxiety tend to be highly correlated. (Clark and Watson 1991), and high rates of co morbidity exist among the anxiety and mood disorders (Andrew,1996). Clark and Watson (1991) proposed a tripartite model of anxiety and depression, which claims that both states are characterized by symptoms of elevated negative affect or general distress (example, distress, irritability),but that anhedonia (low levels of positive effect, eg. happiness, confidence, enthusiasm) is specific to depression and physiological hyper arousal ( autonomic symptoms, example trembling , sweating) is unique to anxiety. An urban area is characterized by higher population density and vast human features in comparison to areas surrounding it. Urban areas may be cities, towns or conurbations, but the term is not commonly extended to rural settlements such as villages and hamlets. Urban areas are created and further developed by the process of urbanization. Measuring the extent of an urban area helps in analyzing population density and urban sprawl, and in determining urban and rural populations. Rural areas or the countryside are areas of land that are not urbanized, though when large areas are described, country towns and smaller cities will be included. They have a low population density, and typically much of the land is devoted to agriculture and there may be less air and water pollution than in an urban area. About 80 percent of the Indian population lives in villages. When travelling through the length and breadth of this subcontinent, one can really visualize the difference between rural and urb an in India. There is a big difference between urban and rural India. One of the major differences that can be seen between rural India and urban India is their standards of living. People living in urban India have better living conditions than those living in the rural parts of India. There is a wide economic gap between rural urban India. Rural India is very poor when compared to urban India. Another difference that can be seen between urban and rural India, is their education. In rural India, the parents seldom educate their children, and instead, make their children work in the fields. Poverty, and lack of sufficient infrastructure, can be attributed to the lack of education in rural India. Methodology Design: The research design used in this study is ex-post facto research design,as it explores the already existing causal conditions between the considered sample groups. The hypothesized the level of depression anxiety stress is higher in the urban school student then the rural school student background.To choose the participants purposive sampling methods were employed Sample The participants consisted of 60 students belonging to the age group of 14-15 years studying in rural and urban high schools. The sample of the study drawn from two schools one from the metropolitan city of Hyderabad and the other from Nagarkurnool,Mahboobnagar district. The students were divided into two groups of 30 each, namely urban and rural. Instruments Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale: In the present study, DASS-42 versin of the perep pencil test was used on the 10th STD students studying in urban and rural high schools. The DASS is a 42- item self report instrument designed by Lovibond and Lovibond (1995), to measure the three related negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. Each of the three DAS scales consists of 14 items divided into subscales of 2to 5 items having similar content to make up a total of 42 items which are placed in a random order in these scales. The depression scales assesses dysphoria, hopelessness, devaluation of life, self-deprecation, lack of interest or involvement, anhedonia and inertia (Lovibond, S.H.Lovibond,P.F.;1995). The anxiety scale contains autonomic arousal, skeletal muscle  effects, situational anxiety and subjective experience of anxious affect (Lovibond et al., 1995). The stress scale being sensitive to chronic non-specific arousal assesses difficulty in relaxing, ner vous arousal, and being easily upset or agitated, irritable or over-reactive and impatient(Lovibond et al.,1995). The items are to be rated on a 4 point Likert Scale of 0 to 3. the option 3 to 0 signify how the sentence applied to the individual with the response ranging in the past week. The rating scale is as follows: 0 Did not apply to me at all 1 Applied to me to some degree, or some of the time. 2 Applied to me a considerable degree, or a good part of the time. 3 Applied to me very much, or most of the time. The option the participant chooses for each item (ie.0,1,2or 3) is regarded as the score for that item and the sum of the relevant items belonging to each one of the three subscales gives the scores for that subscale. These scores are then interpreted to determine the DAS level of the participant. Crawford and Henry (2003) found the internal consistency of the DASS subscales to be high with Cronbachs alphas of 0.94, 0.88 and 0.93 for depression, anxiety and stress respectively. According to Lovibond et al.(1995) the reliability scores of the scales in terms of Cronbachs alpha scores rate the Depression scale at 0.91, the Anxiety scale at 0.84 and the Stress scale at 0.90 in the normative sample. The measns and standard deviations for each scale are 6.34 and 6.97 for depression, 4.7 and 4.91 for anxiety and 10.11 and 7.91 for stress respectively.(Lovibond et al.,1995) Procedure: The test was administered on a one to one basis. Each participant was approached and was briefed about the purpose of the study. The consent was taken before conducting the test and was allowed to withdraw from the study whenever the participant wanted. The questionnaire was given to the subject and was asked to answer the questionnaire carefully based on how many times their parents might have used it. Instructions on paper were read out by the researcher in order to clear all doubts. The participant was asked to work through the items as quickly and as accurately as possible, including a cross mark against the appropriate opinion. Every doubts and any kind of ambiguity that arose in the participants mind were clarified. After the test was accomplished, the researcher expressed her gratitude to the participant for the cooperation. Later the questionnaire was collected and was statistically analyzed by the researcher. The descriptive statistics, Mean and Standard Deviation and the in ferential statistics t-ratio and p-value are used for analysis of the data.

Dell :: essays research papers

Brief Background Summary   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How would you like to take a $1,000 investment to start a company and turn it into 41 billion dollars revenue producing enterprise in just twenty years? I’m sure everyone would, but it became a reality for one man, Michael Dell. Michael Dell is the current CEO of Dell, Inc, one of the largest companies in the world. He started this company back in 1984 with just $1,000 at the age of 19 and now at the age of 39 he is the fourth richest man in America. (DuBrin 313) â€Å"Mr. Dell became the youngest CEO of a company to have their company ranked in Fortune 500. (Dell Annual Report) Today, Dell Inc. is ranked incredibly number 125.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dell Inc., which is located at Building 2 One Dell Way, Round Rock, Texas, is one of the premier companies in computer products and services. The company current employs approximately 46,000 people and is the â€Å"biggest online seller of computers. Dell’s primary products include enterprise systems, household PCs and notebook computers. They are also currently trying to expand their way into the printer market even further.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He started with the idea of taking plain computers and adding parts to it to make it a more appealing to computers buyers. â€Å"Dell hired a small staff and began selling his machines over the phone and through the mail. Several years later he created the industry’s first on-site service program, in which the repair technician visits your office or home.† (DuBrin 313) Problem Identification   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In creating a multi-billion dollar company there were issues and problems that had to be identified and made. In being such a rapid growing company, Mr. Dell had to fill up his company with top professionals and visionaries that could continue the success. The company needed to find ways to stay competitive and stay focused on their vision. For a company to stay growing at the pace they were, which was about 50 percent a year in the 90’s, it needed to continue to add strong employees and keep the motivation going.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the computer market there are a lot of competitors, just waiting for someone to make a mistake. The fight over market share is very competitive. Dell needs to stay very aware of their business competition and what they are doing. I think that Dell has done very well picking up most of the trends and consumer needs to come out with new ideas, to stay on top.

Hole in the Wall

Hidden treasure in the big city One thing that all people can relate to is the love for wonderful food. You never see people not wanting to share a great dining experience with friends, family, or the world through social websites. In every person you see the excitement of trying new foods and restaurants. We have all had that perfect dining experiences that have made an imprint on our lives. Well what I want to share with you is a place that is hidden within the growing metro of Magmata in an unlikely place.This little place is a hole in the wall restaurant allied Baa Not, this little restaurant strives to deliver an authentic Vietnamese experience to their customers in the big city of Magmata. Let me go into the history of Baa Non briefly. As explained by the owner, this restaurant is being managed by two men a Filipino and a Vietnamese, who got all the dishes from his grandmother. Which also became the name since Baa Non meaner grandmother in the father's side in Vietnamese. Baa N on puts pride that they serve some of the best authentic Vietnamese food in manila.Well enough about the history, let's get down to business, I know what you all want o hear. Let's talk about the FOOD. Well in total I tried nine different dishes each with its own individual flavor that stood out from the rest. First off the bat would be the Pooh Boo which is a homemade beef noodle soup with spices and fresh herbs. The broth was tasty without being overpowering that would normally overpower the flavors of the spices and the fresh herbs but this was not the case you could taste every flavor in the dish.The balance of the dish is worth mentioning since you rarely get such good beef noodles which is not overpowering in taste. What also interested e was the fact that in the menu, there was a guide on how to eat the dish. First, you need to squeeze the lime on your pooh then add the bean sprouts and the basil after that, put the chili depending on your taste and finally, add the black bea n paste and stir or mix it. We decided to try the two kinds of spring rolls they had to offer, it was Go Con and Chaw Gig and the difference between the two is that Go Con was a fresh spring roll while the Chaw Gig was fried spring roll.Go Con is made of pork, shrimp and vermicelli attractively rolled in rice paper served with their famous meant sauce which I think was a marvelous peanut sauce. It had lots of flavor and also was not to thick a great accompaniment to the Go Con . The Chaw Gig is a mixture of ground pork, shrimp, taro, and black fungus wrapped and deep fried and served with fresh greens and traditional NCO AMA dipping sauce. Between the two spring rolls I have to put my money on the Go Con which was very well balanced and add that with the peanut sauce, you are asking for a recipe for success.We had four main dishes for our meal. We chose all the house-favorites/recommendations. The first of the dish was the Boo Luck Lack stir-fried spiced beef served with fried basil . The beef was cooked medium rare with sesame seeds and the beef had a good flavor and when eaten with the fried basil it blends since the basil was fried the intense flavor was mellowed to allow a good combination with the beef. The owner told us meat could not meet the standards of the owners.The second dish was the Ga Among which is grilled chicken in rich lemongrass marinade. The grilling of the chicken was amazing it was moist but also tasty and the taste of the lemon grass was intense which gave it a nice flavor. The third is had Soon Mongo Xa, pork rabbets flavored with their special lemongrass fusion, pan-fried and served with soy-chili sauce. This dish was a tad plain but I still got the good fusion of flavors but it was not strong enough to compare to the other two dishes I tried earlier.The That Hoe KHz Truing is a sweet-savory dish of pork and egg simmered in coconut Juice this dish I think was a mistake to order. It was very salty and didn't fit with all the other dishe s we ordered. The main course was good overall with three hits and a miss. We had Ban Dan Loon for our dessert. This dessert made everything worthwhile; the dish is eke a mixture of Spain-Spain and stating but with a filling in the middle topped with a coconut cream and sesame seeds.The dish was sweet but not too sweet to make you forget all the other flavors you had during your meal. I think this is one of the highlights of our dining experience. For the drink I had their new Vietnamese Blended Mocha which is not yet in their menu since the owner is still testing it out and is looking for feedback from guest before placing it on their menu. The flavor of the strong coffee and the nice sweetness of the chocolate made the drink a big plus n my books. The drink was balanced and very good since that day was quite hot.Well I guess this has to conclude recount of my visit to Baa Not. I will leave you with this, everyone has good dining experiences but it takes a good combination of servi ce and food to make this experience a memorable one and I must say Baa Non has made an impression of me. I for one am confident to call it a hidden treasure. So why not try it yourself to see if what I wrote is true. I bid thee farewell and hope you had as much fun reading as I had recalling and writing this article.

Forecasting †Simple Linear Regression Applications

STATISTICS FOR MGT DECISIONS FINAL EXAMINATION Forecasting – Simple Linear Regression Applications Interpretation and Use of Computer Output (Results) NAME SECTION A – REGRESSION ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING 1) The management of an international hotel chain is in the process of evaluating the possible sites for a new unit on a beach resort. As part of the analysis, the management is interested in evaluating the relationship between the distance of a hotel from the beach and the hotel’s average occupancy rate for the season. A sample of 14 existing hotels in the area is chosen, and each hotel reports its average occupancy rate.The management records the hotel’s distance (in miles) from the beach. The following set of data is obtained: Distance (miles)0. 10. 10. 20. 30. 40. 40. 50. 60. 7 Occupancy (%)929596908996908385 Continue Distance (miles)0. 70. 80. 80. 90. 9 Occupancy (%)8078767275 Use the computer output to respond to the following questions: a) A simple linear regression was ran with the occupancy rate as the dependent (explained) variable and distance from the beach as the independent (explaining) variable Occpnc=b[pic]+b[pic](Distncy) What is the estimated regression equation?The regression model is: Occpnc = b[pic] + b[pic](Distncy) The estimated regression equation is: OCCUPNC = 99. 61444 – 26. 703 DISTNCY b) Interpret the meaning behind the values you get for both coefficients b[pic] and b[pic]. b[pic]=99. 61444, represent the y-intercept as well as the starting figure for the distance coverage. This is the amount of distance in miles that the hotel is from a beach. b[pic] = 26. 703, represents the percentage of occupancy a hotel has depending on the distance of the hotel from a beach. c) What sort of relationship exists between average hotel occupancy rate and the hotel’s distance from the beach?Does this relationship make sense to you? Why or why not? Both distance and occupancy have a direct relationship. This is true because closer the hotel is to the beach, the higher the chance that the hotel’s occupancy will be greater. If a person is going to stay at a hotel, chances are they are on vacation. People on vacation love to spend time on a beach for relaxation purposes, so it would only make sense that a hotel that is closer to the beach will have a higher occupancy rate. d) Interpret the R-Square value in your computer output R-Squared = 0. 848195 = 84. 8195 ) Predict the expected occupancy rate for a hotel that is (i) one mile from the beach in that area, (ii) one and half miles from the beach. i. OCCUPNC = 99. 61444 – 26. 703 (1) = 99. 61444 – 26. 703 = 72. 911 ii. OCCUPNC = 99. 61444 – 26. 703 (1. 5) = 99. 61444 – 40. 055 = 59. 559 f) In your mind, what other variables contribute positively or negatively to hotel occupancy besides distance from the beach? Other variables that contribute positively or negatively to hotel occupancy besides distance fr om the beach include the distance of restaurants, shopping centers, and airport from the hotel.The closer theses variables are to the hotel the chances the occupancy rate will be higher. In addition, other variables may include what type of amenities that are offered by the hotel, customer service, and rating of the hotel. g) At a level of significance, ? = 0. 01 or 1 percent test the following pair of hypotheses: H[pic]: b[pic]= 0 H[pic]: b[pic]? 0 On the model: Occpnc=b[pic]+b[pic](Distncy) What is your conclusion and why that particular conclusion? COMPUTER OUTPUT – PART 1 INTERNATIONAL HOTEL REGRESSION FUNCTION & ANOVA FOR OCCPNCY OCCPNCY = 99. 61444 – 26. 703 DISTANCER-Squared = 0. 848195 Adjusted R-Squared = 0. 835545 Standard error of estimate = 3. 339362 Number of cases used = 14 Analysis of Variance p-value Source SS df MS F Value Sig Prob Regression 747. 68 1 747. 68390 67. 04880 0. 000002 Residual 133. 82 12 11. 15134 Total 881. 50 13 COMPUTER OUTPUT  œ PART 1 INTERNATIONAL HOTEL REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS FOR OCCPNCY Two-Sided p-value Variable Coefficient Std Error t Value Sig Prob Constant 99. 61444 1. 4107 51. 31933 0. 000000 DISTANCE -26. 70300 3. 26110 -8. 18833 0. 000002 * Standard error of estimate = 3. 339362 Durbin-Watson statistic = 1. 324282 MULTIPLE REGRESSION 2) You want to find out factors that explain an individual’s weekly savings. You are given a set of data below: Sampled WeeklyHouseFoodEntertain/Weekly IndividualIncomeRentExpenseExpenseSavings Case 1$25085952520 Case 2$1907590100 Case 3$4201401204050 Case 4$340120130040 Case 5$2801101003015 Case 6$310801252525 Case 7$5201501405580 Case 8$440175155450 Case 9$36090852095 Case 10$3851051353530Case 11$2058010505 Case 12$26565951515 Case 13$19550801020 Case 14$25090100250 Case 15$4801401604545 A multiple regression was ran with WEEKLY SAVINGS as the DEPENDENT VARIABLE and the rest as the INDEPENDENT VARIABLES. SAVINGS = b[pic][pic]+ b[pic]INCOME + b[pic]RENT + b [pic]FOOD + b[pic]ENTERT a) What is the estimated multiple regression equation? SAVINGS = 23. 14156 + 0. 591446 INCOME – 0. 341793 RENT – 1. 119734 FOOD – 0. 907868 ENTERT b) What relationship exists between (i) SAVINGS and INCOME? , SAVINGS and RENT? , SAVINGS and FOOD expense, SAVINGS and ENTERTAINMENT expense?There are no direct relationship between saving and income, savings and rent, savings and food expense, and savings and entertainment expense. c) Which of the independent (explaining) variables are (is) significant in the multiple regression and which ones are (is) not significant (use ? = 0. 05 level of significance). Are the results in line with Maslow hierarchy of needs? Explain. COMPUTER OUTPUT PART I WEEKLY SAVINGS REGRESSION FUNCTION & ANOVA FOR SAVINGS SAVINGS = 23. 14156 + 0. 591446 INCOME – 0. 341793 RENT – 1. 119734 FOOD – 0. 907868 ENTERT R-Squared = 0. 917562 Adjusted R-Squared = 0. 70454 Standard error of estimate = 10. 9635 Number of cases used = 12 Analysis of Variance p-value Source SS df MS F Value Sig Prob Regression 9364. 86 4 2341. 21 19. 47795 0. 000677 Residual 841. 39 7 120. 198 Total 10206. 250 11 COMPUTER OUTPUT PART II WEEKLY SAVINGS REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS FOR SAVINGS Two-Sidedp-value Variable Coefficient Std Error t Value Sig Prob Constant 23. 14156 18. 34071 1. 26176 0. 247451 INCOME 0. 59145 0. 07388 8. 00526 0. 000091 RENT -0. 4179 0. 19849 -1. 72199 0. 128743 * FOOD -1. 11973 0. 24633 -4. 54565 0. 002650 ENTERT -0. 90787 0. 32460 -2. 79689 0. 026643 * indicates that the variable is marked for leaving Standard error of estimate = 10. 9635 Durbin-Watson statistic = 1. 683103 3) REGRESSION ANALYSIS A business person is trying to estimate the relationship between the price of good X and the sales of good Y of certain groups of staples. Tests in similar cities throughout the country have yielded the data below: PRICE (X)SALES (Y) $2010,300 $259,100 $308,200 $356,500 $405,100 $502,300A simple linear regression of a model SALES(Y) = b[pic] + b[pic]PRICE(X) Was run and the computer output is shown below: PRICE OF X / SALES OF Y REGRESSION FUNCTION & ANOVA FOR SALES(Y) SALES(Y) = 15907. 14 – 269. 7143 PRICE(X) R-Squared = 0. 994999 Adjusted R-Squared = 0. 993749 Standard error of estimate = 230. 9143 Number of cases used = 6 Analysis of Variance p-value Source SS df MS F Value Sig Prob Regression 4. 24350E+07 1 4. 24350E+07 795. 83480 0. 000009 Residual 213285. 70000 4 53321. 43000 Total 4. 26483E+07 5PRICE OF X / SALES OF Y REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS FOR SALES(Y) Two-Sidedp-value Variable Coefficient Std Error t Value Sig Prob Constant 15907. 14000 332. 34250 47. 86370 0. 000001 PRICE(X) -269. 71430 9. 56076 -28. 21054 0. 000009 * Standard error of estimate = 230. 9143 Durbin-Watson statistic = 1. 687953 QUESTIONS a) What is the estimated equation of the model: SALES(Y) = b[pic] + b[pic]PRICE(X)? SALES(Y) = 15907. 14 – 269. 7143 PRICE(X) b) What sort of relationship exists between SALES OF Y and the PRICE OF X? Does this relationship make sense? Why or why not?There is a direct relationship between Sales of Y and the Price of X. The lower the price the higher are the sales. This makes sense because if the price is lower, a person will purchase more items. c) What can you say about GOOD Y and GOOD X (a good can be an item, a commodity, etc. ). Name a pair of good X and good y that can display this kind of relationship. Suppose the price of candy is $0. 50/lb, the sales of the candy versus the same type of candy that is $0. 80/lb would yield more sales because of the price. The price of the candy directly affects sales in this instance because a person would buy more candy at $0. 0/lb versus $0. 80/lb. 4) REGRESSION ANALYSIS A business person is trying to estimate the relationship between the price of good X and the sales of good Z of certain groups of staples. Tests in similar cities throughout the country have yielded the data belo w: PRICE (X)SALES (Z) $153300 $203900 $254750 $305500 $406550 $507250 A simple linear regression of a model SALES (Z) = b[pic] + b[pic]PRICE(X) Was run and the computer output is shown below: PRICE OF X / SALES OF Z REGRESSION FUNCTION & ANOVA FOR SALES(Y) SALES(Z) = 1740. 686 + 115. 5882 PRICE(X) R-Squared = 0. 977573 Adjusted R-Squared = 0. 71966 Standard error of estimate = 255. 2152 Number of cases used = 6 Analysis of Variance p-value Source SS df MS F Value Sig Prob Regression 1. 13565E+07 1 1. 13565E+07 174. 35450 0. 000190 Residual 260539. 20000 4 65134. 80000 Total 1. 16171E+07 5 PRICE OF X / SALES OF Z REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS FOR SALES(Z) p-value Variable Coefficient Std Error t Value Sig Prob Constant 1740. 68600 282. 52800 6. 16111 0. 003522 PRICE(X) 115. 58820 8. 75381 13. 20434 0. 000190 *Standard error of estimate = 255. 2152 Durbin-Watson statistic = 1. 240299 QUESTIONS a) What is the estimated equation of the model: SALES(Z) = b[pic] + b[pic]PRICE(X)? SALES (Z) = 17 40. 686 + 115. 5882 PRICE(X) b) What sort of relationship exists between SALES OF Z and the PRICE OF X? Does this relationship make sense? Why or why not? There is a direct relationship between Sales of Y and the Price of X. The higher the price the higher are the sales. This makes sense as it relates to supply and demand. The higher the demand and for the product and unavailability of the product, the price will go up even though sales may he same due to the price increase the sales amount will be higher. c) What can you say about GOOD Z and GOOD X (a good can be an item, a commodity, etc. ). Give an example of good X and good Z that can display this kind of relationship A prime example that displays this kind of relationship is gas. The price of gas has been going up for sometime now. The demand for it is high, but the supply of is low. Therefore, even though the amount of sales may stay constant, the dollar amount will be higher because the price is higher. Chi-Squared Test #1M&M , makers of Chocolate Candies, conducted a national poll in which more than ten million people indicated their preference for a new color. The tally of this poll resulted in the replacement of tan-colored M&Ms with a new blue color. In the brochure â€Å"Colors,† made available by M&MS Consumer Affairs, the distribution of colors for the plain candies is as follows: BROWNYELLOWREDORANGEGREENBLUE 30%20%20%10%10%10% In a follow-up study two years later, samples of 1-pound bags were used to determine whether the reported percentages were still valid. The following results were obtained (observed) for one sample of 506 plain candiesBROWNYELLOWREDORANGEGREENBLUE 17713579413638 Use a level of significance ( = 0. 05 to determine whether these data support the percentages reported by the company Hint: To obtain the Expected Number of multiply the sample value (506) by each color’s probability, i. e. , E = BROWNYELLOWREDORANGEGREENBLUE 30% (506)20%(506)20%(506)10%(506)10%(506)1 0%(506) Then compute the Chi-Squared. H[pic]: f[pic], f[pic], f[pic], f[pic], f[pic], f[pic] hold previous year’s patterns or percentages H[pic]: At least one frequency differs from the previous year’s pattern or percentages E = 506/6 = 84. 33 [pic]=(177 –84. 33)[pic]/84. 33+(135 – 84. 33)[pic]/84. 33 + (79 – 84. 33)[pic]/84. 33+(41 – 84. 33)[pic]/84. 33)+(36 – 84. 33)[pic]/84. 33+(38 – 84. 33)[pic]/84. 33) ([pic]=101. 937 + 30. 49217 + 0. 333215 + 22. 24069 + 27. 67367 + 25. 4293 ([pic]=208. 106. This is the computed ([pic]-value. ( = 0. 05 d. f. = 6 – 1 = 5. Go to ([pic]-tables at ( = 0. 05, and d. f. = 5, you will get CRITICAL ([pic]-value = 11. 070. Since Computed ([pic]-value is greater than Critical ([pic]-value REJECT NULL H[pic]:P[pic] = P[pic] = P[pic] = P[pic] = P[pic] ALTERNATIVE H[pic]: At least one P is different is correct Forecasting – Simple Linear Regression Applications STATISTICS FOR MGT DECISIONS FINAL EXAMINATION Forecasting – Simple Linear Regression Applications Interpretation and Use of Computer Output (Results) NAME SECTION A – REGRESSION ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING 1) The management of an international hotel chain is in the process of evaluating the possible sites for a new unit on a beach resort. As part of the analysis, the management is interested in evaluating the relationship between the distance of a hotel from the beach and the hotel’s average occupancy rate for the season. A sample of 14 existing hotels in the area is chosen, and each hotel reports its average occupancy rate.The management records the hotel’s distance (in miles) from the beach. The following set of data is obtained: Distance (miles)0. 10. 10. 20. 30. 40. 40. 50. 60. 7 Occupancy (%)929596908996908385 Continue Distance (miles)0. 70. 80. 80. 90. 9 Occupancy (%)8078767275 Use the computer output to respond to the following questions: a) A simple linear regression was ran with the occupancy rate as the dependent (explained) variable and distance from the beach as the independent (explaining) variable Occpnc=b[pic]+b[pic](Distncy) What is the estimated regression equation?The regression model is: Occpnc = b[pic] + b[pic](Distncy) The estimated regression equation is: OCCUPNC = 99. 61444 – 26. 703 DISTNCY b) Interpret the meaning behind the values you get for both coefficients b[pic] and b[pic]. b[pic]=99. 61444, represent the y-intercept as well as the starting figure for the distance coverage. This is the amount of distance in miles that the hotel is from a beach. b[pic] = 26. 703, represents the percentage of occupancy a hotel has depending on the distance of the hotel from a beach. c) What sort of relationship exists between average hotel occupancy rate and the hotel’s distance from the beach?Does this relationship make sense to you? Why or why not? Both distance and occupancy have a direct relationship. This is true because closer the hotel is to the beach, the higher the chance that the hotel’s occupancy will be greater. If a person is going to stay at a hotel, chances are they are on vacation. People on vacation love to spend time on a beach for relaxation purposes, so it would only make sense that a hotel that is closer to the beach will have a higher occupancy rate. d) Interpret the R-Square value in your computer output R-Squared = 0. 848195 = 84. 8195 ) Predict the expected occupancy rate for a hotel that is (i) one mile from the beach in that area, (ii) one and half miles from the beach. i. OCCUPNC = 99. 61444 – 26. 703 (1) = 99. 61444 – 26. 703 = 72. 911 ii. OCCUPNC = 99. 61444 – 26. 703 (1. 5) = 99. 61444 – 40. 055 = 59. 559 f) In your mind, what other variables contribute positively or negatively to hotel occupancy besides distance from the beach? Other variables that contribute positively or negatively to hotel occupancy besides distance fr om the beach include the distance of restaurants, shopping centers, and airport from the hotel.The closer theses variables are to the hotel the chances the occupancy rate will be higher. In addition, other variables may include what type of amenities that are offered by the hotel, customer service, and rating of the hotel. g) At a level of significance, ? = 0. 01 or 1 percent test the following pair of hypotheses: H[pic]: b[pic]= 0 H[pic]: b[pic]? 0 On the model: Occpnc=b[pic]+b[pic](Distncy) What is your conclusion and why that particular conclusion? COMPUTER OUTPUT – PART 1 INTERNATIONAL HOTEL REGRESSION FUNCTION & ANOVA FOR OCCPNCY OCCPNCY = 99. 61444 – 26. 703 DISTANCER-Squared = 0. 848195 Adjusted R-Squared = 0. 835545 Standard error of estimate = 3. 339362 Number of cases used = 14 Analysis of Variance p-value Source SS df MS F Value Sig Prob Regression 747. 68 1 747. 68390 67. 04880 0. 000002 Residual 133. 82 12 11. 15134 Total 881. 50 13 COMPUTER OUTPUT  œ PART 1 INTERNATIONAL HOTEL REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS FOR OCCPNCY Two-Sided p-value Variable Coefficient Std Error t Value Sig Prob Constant 99. 61444 1. 4107 51. 31933 0. 000000 DISTANCE -26. 70300 3. 26110 -8. 18833 0. 000002 * Standard error of estimate = 3. 339362 Durbin-Watson statistic = 1. 324282 MULTIPLE REGRESSION 2) You want to find out factors that explain an individual’s weekly savings. You are given a set of data below: Sampled WeeklyHouseFoodEntertain/Weekly IndividualIncomeRentExpenseExpenseSavings Case 1$25085952520 Case 2$1907590100 Case 3$4201401204050 Case 4$340120130040 Case 5$2801101003015 Case 6$310801252525 Case 7$5201501405580 Case 8$440175155450 Case 9$36090852095 Case 10$3851051353530Case 11$2058010505 Case 12$26565951515 Case 13$19550801020 Case 14$25090100250 Case 15$4801401604545 A multiple regression was ran with WEEKLY SAVINGS as the DEPENDENT VARIABLE and the rest as the INDEPENDENT VARIABLES. SAVINGS = b[pic][pic]+ b[pic]INCOME + b[pic]RENT + b [pic]FOOD + b[pic]ENTERT a) What is the estimated multiple regression equation? SAVINGS = 23. 14156 + 0. 591446 INCOME – 0. 341793 RENT – 1. 119734 FOOD – 0. 907868 ENTERT b) What relationship exists between (i) SAVINGS and INCOME? , SAVINGS and RENT? , SAVINGS and FOOD expense, SAVINGS and ENTERTAINMENT expense?There are no direct relationship between saving and income, savings and rent, savings and food expense, and savings and entertainment expense. c) Which of the independent (explaining) variables are (is) significant in the multiple regression and which ones are (is) not significant (use ? = 0. 05 level of significance). Are the results in line with Maslow hierarchy of needs? Explain. COMPUTER OUTPUT PART I WEEKLY SAVINGS REGRESSION FUNCTION & ANOVA FOR SAVINGS SAVINGS = 23. 14156 + 0. 591446 INCOME – 0. 341793 RENT – 1. 119734 FOOD – 0. 907868 ENTERT R-Squared = 0. 917562 Adjusted R-Squared = 0. 70454 Standard error of estimate = 10. 9635 Number of cases used = 12 Analysis of Variance p-value Source SS df MS F Value Sig Prob Regression 9364. 86 4 2341. 21 19. 47795 0. 000677 Residual 841. 39 7 120. 198 Total 10206. 250 11 COMPUTER OUTPUT PART II WEEKLY SAVINGS REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS FOR SAVINGS Two-Sidedp-value Variable Coefficient Std Error t Value Sig Prob Constant 23. 14156 18. 34071 1. 26176 0. 247451 INCOME 0. 59145 0. 07388 8. 00526 0. 000091 RENT -0. 4179 0. 19849 -1. 72199 0. 128743 * FOOD -1. 11973 0. 24633 -4. 54565 0. 002650 ENTERT -0. 90787 0. 32460 -2. 79689 0. 026643 * indicates that the variable is marked for leaving Standard error of estimate = 10. 9635 Durbin-Watson statistic = 1. 683103 3) REGRESSION ANALYSIS A business person is trying to estimate the relationship between the price of good X and the sales of good Y of certain groups of staples. Tests in similar cities throughout the country have yielded the data below: PRICE (X)SALES (Y) $2010,300 $259,100 $308,200 $356,500 $405,100 $502,300A simple linear regression of a model SALES(Y) = b[pic] + b[pic]PRICE(X) Was run and the computer output is shown below: PRICE OF X / SALES OF Y REGRESSION FUNCTION & ANOVA FOR SALES(Y) SALES(Y) = 15907. 14 – 269. 7143 PRICE(X) R-Squared = 0. 994999 Adjusted R-Squared = 0. 993749 Standard error of estimate = 230. 9143 Number of cases used = 6 Analysis of Variance p-value Source SS df MS F Value Sig Prob Regression 4. 24350E+07 1 4. 24350E+07 795. 83480 0. 000009 Residual 213285. 70000 4 53321. 43000 Total 4. 26483E+07 5PRICE OF X / SALES OF Y REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS FOR SALES(Y) Two-Sidedp-value Variable Coefficient Std Error t Value Sig Prob Constant 15907. 14000 332. 34250 47. 86370 0. 000001 PRICE(X) -269. 71430 9. 56076 -28. 21054 0. 000009 * Standard error of estimate = 230. 9143 Durbin-Watson statistic = 1. 687953 QUESTIONS a) What is the estimated equation of the model: SALES(Y) = b[pic] + b[pic]PRICE(X)? SALES(Y) = 15907. 14 – 269. 7143 PRICE(X) b) What sort of relationship exists between SALES OF Y and the PRICE OF X? Does this relationship make sense? Why or why not?There is a direct relationship between Sales of Y and the Price of X. The lower the price the higher are the sales. This makes sense because if the price is lower, a person will purchase more items. c) What can you say about GOOD Y and GOOD X (a good can be an item, a commodity, etc. ). Name a pair of good X and good y that can display this kind of relationship. Suppose the price of candy is $0. 50/lb, the sales of the candy versus the same type of candy that is $0. 80/lb would yield more sales because of the price. The price of the candy directly affects sales in this instance because a person would buy more candy at $0. 0/lb versus $0. 80/lb. 4) REGRESSION ANALYSIS A business person is trying to estimate the relationship between the price of good X and the sales of good Z of certain groups of staples. Tests in similar cities throughout the country have yielded the data belo w: PRICE (X)SALES (Z) $153300 $203900 $254750 $305500 $406550 $507250 A simple linear regression of a model SALES (Z) = b[pic] + b[pic]PRICE(X) Was run and the computer output is shown below: PRICE OF X / SALES OF Z REGRESSION FUNCTION & ANOVA FOR SALES(Y) SALES(Z) = 1740. 686 + 115. 5882 PRICE(X) R-Squared = 0. 977573 Adjusted R-Squared = 0. 71966 Standard error of estimate = 255. 2152 Number of cases used = 6 Analysis of Variance p-value Source SS df MS F Value Sig Prob Regression 1. 13565E+07 1 1. 13565E+07 174. 35450 0. 000190 Residual 260539. 20000 4 65134. 80000 Total 1. 16171E+07 5 PRICE OF X / SALES OF Z REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS FOR SALES(Z) p-value Variable Coefficient Std Error t Value Sig Prob Constant 1740. 68600 282. 52800 6. 16111 0. 003522 PRICE(X) 115. 58820 8. 75381 13. 20434 0. 000190 *Standard error of estimate = 255. 2152 Durbin-Watson statistic = 1. 240299 QUESTIONS a) What is the estimated equation of the model: SALES(Z) = b[pic] + b[pic]PRICE(X)? SALES (Z) = 17 40. 686 + 115. 5882 PRICE(X) b) What sort of relationship exists between SALES OF Z and the PRICE OF X? Does this relationship make sense? Why or why not? There is a direct relationship between Sales of Y and the Price of X. The higher the price the higher are the sales. This makes sense as it relates to supply and demand. The higher the demand and for the product and unavailability of the product, the price will go up even though sales may he same due to the price increase the sales amount will be higher. c) What can you say about GOOD Z and GOOD X (a good can be an item, a commodity, etc. ). Give an example of good X and good Z that can display this kind of relationship A prime example that displays this kind of relationship is gas. The price of gas has been going up for sometime now. The demand for it is high, but the supply of is low. Therefore, even though the amount of sales may stay constant, the dollar amount will be higher because the price is higher. Chi-Squared Test #1M&M , makers of Chocolate Candies, conducted a national poll in which more than ten million people indicated their preference for a new color. The tally of this poll resulted in the replacement of tan-colored M&Ms with a new blue color. In the brochure â€Å"Colors,† made available by M&MS Consumer Affairs, the distribution of colors for the plain candies is as follows: BROWNYELLOWREDORANGEGREENBLUE 30%20%20%10%10%10% In a follow-up study two years later, samples of 1-pound bags were used to determine whether the reported percentages were still valid. The following results were obtained (observed) for one sample of 506 plain candiesBROWNYELLOWREDORANGEGREENBLUE 17713579413638 Use a level of significance ( = 0. 05 to determine whether these data support the percentages reported by the company Hint: To obtain the Expected Number of multiply the sample value (506) by each color’s probability, i. e. , E = BROWNYELLOWREDORANGEGREENBLUE 30% (506)20%(506)20%(506)10%(506)10%(506)1 0%(506) Then compute the Chi-Squared. H[pic]: f[pic], f[pic], f[pic], f[pic], f[pic], f[pic] hold previous year’s patterns or percentages H[pic]: At least one frequency differs from the previous year’s pattern or percentages E = 506/6 = 84. 33 [pic]=(177 –84. 33)[pic]/84. 33+(135 – 84. 33)[pic]/84. 33 + (79 – 84. 33)[pic]/84. 33+(41 – 84. 33)[pic]/84. 33)+(36 – 84. 33)[pic]/84. 33+(38 – 84. 33)[pic]/84. 33) ([pic]=101. 937 + 30. 49217 + 0. 333215 + 22. 24069 + 27. 67367 + 25. 4293 ([pic]=208. 106. This is the computed ([pic]-value. ( = 0. 05 d. f. = 6 – 1 = 5. Go to ([pic]-tables at ( = 0. 05, and d. f. = 5, you will get CRITICAL ([pic]-value = 11. 070. Since Computed ([pic]-value is greater than Critical ([pic]-value REJECT NULL H[pic]:P[pic] = P[pic] = P[pic] = P[pic] = P[pic] ALTERNATIVE H[pic]: At least one P is different is correct

world court essays

world court essays The World Court has developed as an arena where states can solve legal disagreements between each other. The development of international law gave need to such a venue and therefore the United Nations facilitated to this need by creating the World Court. The World Court hears grievances between states only; no outside parties may be represented within this justice system, such as individuals or corporations. The World Court has created many advantages for states participating but is not perfect and still contains many significant disadvantages. The main purpose of the World Court is to solve grievances of lower importance between countries that are often on friendly terms with each other. This is because countries are willing to relinquish their own power to the courts when national interest are not being compromised and friendly relations between the two countries is more important then the case at hand. The only way the Courts can be a success is if both participating states agree to follow the ruling that the Courts decide upon. The main disadvantages of the World Court are that not all states have signed the treaty that allows the Courts jurisdiction in certain cases. Also, there has not been an agreement on how the World Court will actually enforce the rulings that it decides upon. Since the UN has limited military capabilities the only way in which to enforce a ruling is if an outside states takes it upon him self to take action. Plus if a state does not agree with the suet being brought against it the state can just withdraw from the treaty and refuse to acknowledge the jurisdiction of the Courts. With all of these factors taking affect it is easy to understand why the World Courts primarily overseas secondary suet ¡Ã‚ ¯s with each side agreeing to abide by the out come before hand. The World Court has facilitated a much-needed venue for states to absolve their grievances against each other. Ev ...

Free Essays on Obesity

Obesity is a disease that affects nearly 1/3 of Americans, and is one of the largest diseases in this country. I picked this disorder, because I know many people that suffer with it, and don’t even realize it. I hope to learn information more on it, and inform them more about it. My motivation behind this whole paper is to get a better understanding of what obesity is, and how come more than one out of three people in our country are obese. Some of the questions I was hoping to answer is: â€Å"are there there different kinds of obesity?† â€Å"Is obesity a medical condition, or can people make themselves obese without having a problem?† After doing research, I found out that I already knew of information about this subject, which I had learned previously. I knew generally what obesity was, but didn’t really know more than it being an â€Å"extremely overweight person†. I did not know the details, such as the fact that there is a Body Mass Index (BMI) which is a mathematical formula which represents weight levels associated with the lowest overall risk to health. Obesity can be measured with height and weight charts, although they are not always accurate due to muscle mass, and different things in which different bodies vary. Obesity is actually defined as an excessively high amount of body fat or adipose tissue in relation to lean body mass. Body fat can be estimated in many ways, including skinfold measures, waist-to-hip circumference ratios, and even ultrasound, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging. I found the answer to the questions that I wanted answered, and found out that obes ity in some is a medical condition, which cannot be controlled, and they may have an overactive thyroid. In some scenarios, however, it is not a medical issue, and is just that of laziness, and being a sloth. There are different stages of obesity, from mild to extreme. Some people are considered â€Å"slightly† obese, while others a... Free Essays on Obesity Free Essays on Obesity Currently, in the United States obesity has become an epidemic. Everywhere you look your sure to see an individual’s that is overweight or even obese. â€Å"Results of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000 indicate that an estimated 64% of U.S adults are either overweight or obese, defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 25 or more† (Defining Overweight and Obesity 1). What causes obesity? Is it our genetic make up? Is it Metabolic or Behavioral? Many different people from Doctors to scientist and even your plain Jane or average Joe would agree that the problem is within our society. As a whole we just plain over eat and have a lack of activity in our life. We need to watch our caloric intake of food by eating healthier. In addition, we as a nation need to get away from the â€Å"couch-potato† lifestyles and get a moving. The human body needs to burn the calories which we have consumed by some form of exercise. Walki ng, running, or riding your bike is a few activities we can do to improve our physical health. Obesity is defined as an excessively high amount of body fat or adipose tissue in relation to lean body mass. How could we measure the amount of body fat to determine our body mass? Desirable weight stands are derived in a number of way, one way is by using a mathematical formal known a Body Mass Index (BMI), you can use heights and weights measured and collected on people who represent the U>S population by the National Center for Heath Statistics. You can measure Waist Circumference or even waist to hip ratio (WHR). * All of the following will give you a general standard to go by. Humans with a BMI of 25 to 29.9 are considered overweight and a BMI of 30 or more are considered obese. But lets say your are eating healthy foods and are very active and you still seem to have a bit of a weight problem. Is their an obesity gene that can treated? Over the past many years, scientists ha... Free Essays on Obesity Obesity is a major problem to many Americans as well as many people around the world. â€Å"Obesity is a complex, multi-factorial chronic disease involving environmental (social and cultural), genetic, physiologic, metabolic, behavioral, and psychological components† (American Obesity Association). Obesity is the cause of many diseases and psychological problems. There are many causes of overeating. The young to the old are susceptible to obesity. Being excessive overweight can cause many problems to adolescence and to people who are considered senior adults. Many treatments are available to those who are suffering from excessive weight. Obesity is a disease that has some very harmful side effects, but in most cases can be brought to a minimum. Obesity is widespread among Americans. About a third of the adult population of the United States is obese. This is right at 60 million people being obese. The total amount that is overweight or obese is an astonishing 64.5 percent (American Obesity Association). Like other eating disorders overeating and obesity come from psychological, biological, and sociological factors. Doctors have even said that obesity might be a result from a resistance or a diminishing production of the hormone leptin (Kirkpatrick and Caldwell, 60). Many times overeating is the result of loneliness or stress (Arenson, 19). â€Å"Eating disorders arise when you learn to apply comforting activities involving food as solutions to life’s problems, just as you apply a Band-Aid to a cut† (Arenson, 21). In many studies it was proven that loneliness and low self esteem can cause overeating. Some cases of overeating come from the reaction to being raised in a broken home. Some turn to food b ecause they have a fear of not being accepted and are afraid of being rejected (Arenson, 33). Obesity has been linked to personal trauma, factors relating to the environment, and even to genes (Mayer, 59). A key fact... Free Essays on Obesity Obesity is a disease that affects nearly 1/3 of Americans, and is one of the largest diseases in this country. I picked this disorder, because I know many people that suffer with it, and don’t even realize it. I hope to learn information more on it, and inform them more about it. My motivation behind this whole paper is to get a better understanding of what obesity is, and how come more than one out of three people in our country are obese. Some of the questions I was hoping to answer is: â€Å"are there there different kinds of obesity?† â€Å"Is obesity a medical condition, or can people make themselves obese without having a problem?† After doing research, I found out that I already knew of information about this subject, which I had learned previously. I knew generally what obesity was, but didn’t really know more than it being an â€Å"extremely overweight person†. I did not know the details, such as the fact that there is a Body Mass Index (BMI) which is a mathematical formula which represents weight levels associated with the lowest overall risk to health. Obesity can be measured with height and weight charts, although they are not always accurate due to muscle mass, and different things in which different bodies vary. Obesity is actually defined as an excessively high amount of body fat or adipose tissue in relation to lean body mass. Body fat can be estimated in many ways, including skinfold measures, waist-to-hip circumference ratios, and even ultrasound, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging. I found the answer to the questions that I wanted answered, and found out that obes ity in some is a medical condition, which cannot be controlled, and they may have an overactive thyroid. In some scenarios, however, it is not a medical issue, and is just that of laziness, and being a sloth. There are different stages of obesity, from mild to extreme. Some people are considered â€Å"slightly† obese, while others a...

How to Upload the Perfect SAT Picture 10 Key Requirements

How to Upload the Perfect SAT Picture 10 Key Requirements SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you're planning to take the SAT, you need to upload a photo of yourself when you register online. Do you know the photo requirements? Did you know that if your picture doesn't meet the SAT photo requirements, you may not be allowed to take the SAT on test day? In this article, I'll thoroughly explain how to make sure that you use an appropriate SAT picture. Also, I'll let you know how to upload your photo, and finally, I'll give you some important tips to remember so you don't have any unforeseen issues test day. Why Do You Need an SAT Picture? The SAT requires a picture to confirm your identity and prevent cheating. The photo requirement ensures that nobody can take the test as somebody else. Your photo will be on your admission ticket and will be checked against your photo ID on test day. Your test center will check to see that the photo and name on your ticket matches the photo and name on your ID, and you should be easily recognizable from your photo. If you don’t have an acceptable photo on your admission ticket, you’re not supposed to be allowed to take the SAT. However, if you’re in 8th grade or below at the time of testing, you don’t have to provide a photo to register. This will be noted on your admission ticket and at the test center. SAT Photo Rules These are the requirements for the photo on your admission ticket. The picture needs to be of you (and only you) and show your entire face (head and shoulders). Here are the specific guidelines: #1: Both of your eyes must be visible. You can’t wear sunglasses or use a picture in which only one of your eyes is showing. Not acceptable #2: You must be the only person in your photo. No group photos, and no photos with your dog. Cute, but not acceptable #3: You have to be recognizable. Make sure that the photo quality is good enough that you’re easily identifiable from your picture. Again, it will be matched with the photo from your ID. #4: You can’t cover your head. You can’t wear a hat or any head covering, unlessit’s for religious purposes. If you wear a religious head covering, you should still show as much of your face as you can. Cool hat, but not cool for your SAT photo #5: You can’t digitally alter your picture. Your picture should look as much like you as possible. Don’t use an Instagram or Snapchat filter. I’m sorry. #6: You must be in focus. No blurry pics. Make sure you’re easily recognizable. Who dat? #7: No dark spots or shadows. Dark spots and shadows will make your face harder to see and recognize. Shadows are bad. Shirts are good. #8: No side profiles. Your face and body should be centered and facing forward. This won't work at all. #9: The pic should be far enough away that your entire face and head can be seen, but close enough that you can’t see more of your body than your shoulders. Way too far #10:To upload your pic, the photo must be in one of these formats: .jpg, .gif, or .png. Fierce and acceptable Tips for Finding or Taking a Picture You can use any recent photo that fits the requirements. School photos or passport photos are likely to work. If you have a physical copy of a photo you want to use, you can scan it and use the picture. Make sure that the scan is high-quality and clear, however. Additionally, when you register online, you can link to your Facebook to add a photo. You’ll be able to crop your pic, but you'll still need to make sure it meets the requirements. Finally, you can always take a new picture. A selfie may work, but it will probably be easier to get a photo that meets all the requirements if you have somebody else take a picture of you. I recommend standing against a blank wall in bright ligh - it might not be the most flattering, but it will ensure your photo follows the rules! If you're taking a photo with a cell phone, the phone should be held vertically. How to Upload Your SAT Picture The SAT photo upload process is pretty simple. If you register online, you’ll upload a digital photo. If you’re using a picture that’s on a phone or camera, you can upload the photo directly from your device, or you can save it on your computer first. To transfer a photo from your device, plug the appropriate USB cord into your computer and phone or camera. Additionally, if you’re transferring your picture from a phone, you can also e-mail the photo to yourself from your phone, and open up the e-mail and picture on your computer. Then, save the picture to your computer. If you have a paper photo, you can scan it and then save it on your computer. After you scan your photo, confirm thatit's of high enough quality to use. You need to be easily identifiable from your picture. When you’re registering, you’ll have the option to upload a photo from your computer or from Facebook. Here's what the SAT photo upload page looks like: Choose the option that you prefer. If you click "Upload from my computer," the files from your computer will appear on your screen. Double click on the picture you want to use, and it will appear in the shaded box. Then, you can crop or rotate your photo to ensure it meets the requirements. Once you're done editing your picture, click "Save Image." If you click "Upload from Facebook," your Facebook photos and albums will appear. Click on the photo you want to use. Again, the picture will appear in the box, and you'll have the option to crop and rotate before you save the image. Just so you can see what it looks like, I selected one of my Facebook photos (a sassy selfie): After clicking "Save Image," you'll see how the photo will look on your admission ticket. If you're satisfied with how your picture looks, you can continue with the registration process. If not, you can select "Upload New Photo." Common Issues and Important Things to Remember The College Boardis so particular about admission tickets and the photos on your admission tickets because these are security measures to help maintain the integrity of the test. You need to follow all the rules so that you’re able to take the test and receive a valid score. Here are some very important reminders for you: Make sure the name on your admission ticket matches the name on your photo ID. Your picture and name from your photo ID is compared to the picture and name on your admission ticket to confirm your identity. If there’s a different name on your ID, the test center won’t be able to effectively confirm your identity and you could be barred from taking your test. When you register online, enter your name exactly as it appears on your ID. Don’t use a nickname or any other name. Don’t forget your admission ticket or photo ID. If you don’t bring your ticket or ID, you won’t be allowed to take the test. The night before, lay out all the stuff you need on test day. You can even make a checklist of things to bring, and make sure you have everything before you head to the test center. Only bring an SAT-approved calculator. You can only use a calculator on one of the two Math sections, and there are restrictions on the types of calculators you can use. Read our article on calculators for more information. Make sure you follow all SAT rules and regulations. The SAT is strict about its rules. Don’t test them. Don’t discuss specific questions while you’re on break or after the test. Only work on the section you’re supposed to be working on. Don’t keep working on a section after time expires. Read ourarticle on SAT rules for thorough information about the rules you need to follow. If you break any of these rules, your score may be cancelled. And if you’re caught cheating, you could be prosecuted. What's Next? Do you need to take the SAT essay? Before you register, find out which colleges require the SAT essay? Are you wondering what SAT score you need to get into your dream college? Check out this article. Finally, if you're preparing for the exam, learn how to ace the SAT. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Reading and writing skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reading and writing skills - Essay Example The audience also influences the tone of the piece of writing, for instance when I am writing an email to a friend, I will assume a friendly tone, full of jokes unlike when I was writing to a prospective manager of a given company. Furthermore, the writing format will be different as in one will be official while the other one will be formal. After taking care of the interest of the audience, I would make an outline for the piece of writing. This will be important especially when the piece is a long one, notably it will help in reducing the task to a manageable piece of writing. Similarly writing has to involve the interest, actions and the attention of the readers. In doing this I try as much as possible to arouse the interest of the readers as much as possible. For instance, I will include jokes in the writing. Theme of writing of the story is another thing that puts most of the writers off the track. It is important that the writer develop a coherent and an interesting theme so that the audience or the assigner eliminates informed attitudes toward the message in question. On the same note, it is important that the writer maintain the use of a simple language taking keen interest of the plights of his audience. The purpose of writing a piece of art is primarily to communicate with the audience (Jones& Jay, 65). However, the way in which we do the communication is important as it reflects the intention of the communicator. The writer must first of all convince the instructor that he understands the theme he is writing about. This goes along side with the originality and creativity in writing. Moreover, development of the plots is another element that helps in achieving the beauty values in writing. A good writer should always aim at being original in his or her work and, free from plagiarism. However, in an event where he chooses to quote another authors work the he has to acknowledge that author.

Research proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 5

Research proposal - Essay Example The research will assess how designers of employee workplaces use the global concepts of marketing and high tech products and services in the design of commercial workplaces (Viswanath 28 and Gacenga et al. 93). This will be done by conducting a research that is based on primary data collection method (Venable 120). Such will entail the use of a focus group, face-to-face interviews, observation and surveys (Shouhong and Wang 548). Interview questions will be formulated so that they will elicit response from the respondents (Venable and Richard 142). The questions will also include Likert Scale for trend and relationship identifications (Orfield 138). The population of interest will be Silicon Valley. However, representatives from Brighton University will also be included in the study. This population will assist in identification of key metrics that include color and design of workplaces (McMahon 570). The research will assist in gathering essential data, which will be used in the process of testing the hypothesis that workplace could assist in improving productivity and enhancing attainment of creativity in the workplace (Mangalaraj et al. 250). This is because in marketing, value addition is vital in the presentation of products and services. Such facilitates in increasing the quality level, which is a key focus for most of the customers who like quality products and services. Increment of quality level also ensures that an organization is able to compete with others favourably in the market (Gregor and Alan 338). The research will also yield insightful information on how creativity and productivity can be enhanced in organizations (Landwehr et al. 93). The social network companies have reinvented Silicon Valley from its origins as a place of manufacturers measuring instruments, such as oscilloscopes. The first company to adopt the beginning of the open plan workspace was Hewlett-Packard in the 1970’s. This working

Que Onda Urban Youth Culture and Border Identity Essay - 1

Que Onda Urban Youth Culture and Border Identity - Essay Example There are also the issues of changing economic conditions where Mexicans are seen as the main economic contributors yet; they do menial and inferior jobs. There is also lack of upward mobility by the inferior ethnic groups, who immigrate across the border. The history and geopolitics of the groups determine the social capital each group is going to enjoy, and whether the group is going to assimilate easily. For instance, Chicanas/os are adapted to youth experimentation and popular culture in the United States and their parents put â€Å"fewer restrictions to them† than the Mexicanas/os parents do to their youths (45). The other lines of politics are projected along the legal and policy context of their immigration status (14). This way, the Mexicanas/os and Chicanas/os are made to feel inferior based on their ethnic grouping and social hierarchies (46). These politics is also perpetrated by the issue of whiteness as the top hierarchy and the fact that â€Å"without the social capital and social networks and English skills, immigrant youths cannot succeed in the United States education† (14). This also triggers identity politics where Chicanos use English, the language of America, while Mexicans use Spanish but at their own detriment. The teaching of different languages leads to a division in these two ethnic groups, which share the same ethnicity. In this case, the politics are too heavy for them as students from both sides â€Å"harbor ill feeling towards each other† because of border politics as â€Å"bantering over each other’s style, language, class, and gender and citizens status† (119). The political Chicano movement does not bar the youths from identifying themselves with inferior ascriptions, as opposed to the perpetrated positive proscriptions (46). Therefore, the book bounds all these issues among others to show the value of each aspect in the lives of Mexicanas/os and Chicanas/os in a way that can be viewed non-hege monically. It is because of the bonder politics and race wars that saturate our society that Mexicanas and Chicanas experience discriminations from one another and others (45). What factors influence identity development for Latinas/os along the border region? Many factors have been established, by the book, as influencing identity development for Latinos along the border region. For instance, Latino youths use â€Å"aspects of Mexicana/os, Chicana/os and American culture to create their alternative youth cultures† (96). In this case, the identity of Latinas/os is influenced by the Mexicana/o and Chicana/o youth who share many characteristics. There is also the factor of language where English is considered to be the dominant class language. For this case, the Latinos are influenced to identify with American culture by learning English language. Even though the American pop culture has appropriated Latino culture, this does not bar it from identifying itself with top social c lass in the hierarchies (96). There is also the issue of boundary or geographical position of the Latinos. This is closely linked to their immigration status and proximity to the Mexican border. Those who are close to the border experience extreme discrimination and less social property than those who are far away. On the other hand, those who migrated to the United States earlier have

Vietnam war Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Vietnam war - Essay Example The North Vietnamese forces were supported by the Soviet Union by sending military supplies through its own proxy, communist China. The South Vietnamese were initially supported by the Americans by sending its military advisers but eventually the Americans got involved in the war by fighting directly themselves. The root cause of the Vietnam War is the American belief in the â€Å"domino theory† chain reaction which posits the idea that communism was spreading in Southeast Asia and soon the countries in the region will fall into the communist bloc if America will not intervene forcefully to stop it.1 The result of the Vietnam War was adverse for the United States of America as it lost in a war fought on military terms which was fought mostly as a non-conventional or guerrilla war. It marked the decline of American superpower status as it was defeated by a third-world country. America entered an isolationist and pacifist period as there was a strong anti-war public opinion or sentiment against starting new wars that cost thousands of American lives in foreign lands.2 In retrospect, the Vietnam War made Americans wary of military adventurism

Domestic violence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Domestic violence - Research Paper Example Many people, whether they realize it or not, are reluctant to intervene in cases of domestic violence because they do not have all the facts. Asking questions would seem, to them, as being similar to ‘prying’ or ‘interfering’ in matters that do not concern them (Herring 256). This is particularly true in communities that are conservative. Domestic violence is something that happens to people of both genders, of all ethnic backgrounds and income brackets, and in all age groups. The Occurrence of Domestic Violence in San Juan, New Mexico In San Juan County, which is situated in New Mexico, police officers respond to approximately 1500 incidences on an annual basis- which is actually three times as much domestic violence as takes place in other areas of the nation (Caponera 34). New Mexico is located at the border of the Ute and Navajo American Indian Reservations. San Juan has large populations of mainly three ethnic groups Caucasians, Hispanics, and American Indians. Even though San Juan is considered as being the economic hub of an area that includes northwest New Mexico, southwest Colorado, southeast Utah, and northeast Arizona, its economy is not as prosperous as that of many other parts of the United States. There are larger numbers of jobless young adults than in most American cities. In the past, the excuse of this seeming poverty has been used to explain the high numbers of domestic violence in San Juan. This, however, is a misconception. Even though domestic violence is more common in the financially challenged brackets of the population, it is mainly the result of a culture’s retrogressive cultural beliefs about both genders (Nurius, Macy, Nwabuzor and Holt 562). In some cases, however, poverty exarcebates an already challenging living situation, resulting in anti social behaviours being exhibited. While domestic violence can be used to refere also to sibling on sibling violence or parent on child violence, in San Juan, it is mainly used to refer to the violence meted out by husbands or men on their wives or girlfriends (Caponera 11). In San Juan, eighty-five percent of violence that women experience is perpetrated by their boyfriends or husbands (Malley-Morrison and Hines 951). More than fifty percent of the residents of San Juan are either of Hispanic or American Indian ancestry, while the remaining half are of Caucasian ancestry (Caponera 6). In San Juan, the factors in all present cultures that contribute towards the increase or propagation of domestic violence include financial inequality between women and men, machismo, and the influence of the church. Although there are organizations and individuals working towards altering these retrogressive cultures, there are an assortment of structural barriers they have to combat such as the institutionalized sexism and, in the case of the Hispanic and American Indian sections of the population, breach the ethnic and linguistic divide that have repress ed true change. In San Juan, many of the members of the Caucasian population are adherents of the Mormon faith, which encourages retrogressive practices such as polygamy. In all areas of the world where polygamy is practiced, men obviously have a greater amount of power over the women. The women in such societies are socialized to believe that the main purpose of their lives is to be wives and

Term Paper, Project Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Term Paper, Project Management - Assignment Example 2. Usage - Mostly done as a preliminary method of finding out information with regards to the interaction between the environmental stressors or risk agents and the target population, communities, or sites (US EPA, 2012a). 3. How it is conducted - The EPA uses a four-step method which consists of the following: data collection and evaluation; exposure assessment; toxicity assessment; and risk characterization (US EPA, 2012a). Data collection and evaluation aims to gather as much information from the site as possible, such as collecting samples and identifying the presence of stressors such as chemicals in the surroundings. After sufficient data has been gathered and analyzed, exposure and toxicity assessments are done next. Exposure assessment is done in order to analyze the contaminants released, to identify the populations exposed and how these stressors reached them, as well as estimating both the concentrations and intakes using various pathways by which the stressors were able t o reach the studied target areas or populations. The toxicity assessment deals with further quantitative and qualitative studies on the stressors such as performing tests that determine the toxicity levels of contaminants. Lastly, risk characterizations list the sum total possible effects of these contaminants to both the environment and the people such as the potentiality to cause chronic or acute diseases. Also, the probabilities and uncertainties of how these contaminants can reach people are summarized in order to aid future risk assessments to be done in later areas (US EPA, 2012a). 4. Comparison to other kinds of assessments – Baseline risk assessment is the most basic but generalized method of analyzing the current condition of target locations and populations. While it shares many characteristics such as the use of scientific methods in the conduct of other kinds of assessments, it is also the foundation for other kinds of analyses to be conducted in the future, espec ially with the larger areas of study and necessary information. There is also a greater need to incorporate as much information from the areas or sites as possible since these are the levels by which future prediction models will be based on, and will be constantly relied on in succeeding area or population analyses. Thus, in order to create accurate models and risk assessments for each site, the baseline risk assessment must be carefully and thoroughly conducted to prevent future miscalculations and assure that there is appropriate risk-management in these areas (US EPA, 2012a). Comparative Risk Assessment 1. Definition – It is a kind of assessment method wherein the ranking of various effects in importance or relevance are established into a scale which, while not exactly designed to work on a single measuring unit or scale, is quite functional in approximating the effects or consequences of such stressors based on location and population (US EPA, 2006). 2. Usage - The EPA use comparative risk assessments in a way that various risks or important points are referred to and then compared to the approximated scale so as to assist risk assessors in weighing the appropriate measures in accordance to the presence or identity of the risks involved (US EPA, 2006). Such

Domestic violence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Domestic violence - Research Paper Example Many people, whether they realize it or not, are reluctant to intervene in cases of domestic violence because they do not have all the facts. Asking questions would seem, to them, as being similar to ‘prying’ or ‘interfering’ in matters that do not concern them (Herring 256). This is particularly true in communities that are conservative. Domestic violence is something that happens to people of both genders, of all ethnic backgrounds and income brackets, and in all age groups. The Occurrence of Domestic Violence in San Juan, New Mexico In San Juan County, which is situated in New Mexico, police officers respond to approximately 1500 incidences on an annual basis- which is actually three times as much domestic violence as takes place in other areas of the nation (Caponera 34). New Mexico is located at the border of the Ute and Navajo American Indian Reservations. San Juan has large populations of mainly three ethnic groups Caucasians, Hispanics, and American Indians. Even though San Juan is considered as being the economic hub of an area that includes northwest New Mexico, southwest Colorado, southeast Utah, and northeast Arizona, its economy is not as prosperous as that of many other parts of the United States. There are larger numbers of jobless young adults than in most American cities. In the past, the excuse of this seeming poverty has been used to explain the high numbers of domestic violence in San Juan. This, however, is a misconception. Even though domestic violence is more common in the financially challenged brackets of the population, it is mainly the result of a culture’s retrogressive cultural beliefs about both genders (Nurius, Macy, Nwabuzor and Holt 562). In some cases, however, poverty exarcebates an already challenging living situation, resulting in anti social behaviours being exhibited. While domestic violence can be used to refere also to sibling on sibling violence or parent on child violence, in San Juan, it is mainly used to refer to the violence meted out by husbands or men on their wives or girlfriends (Caponera 11). In San Juan, eighty-five percent of violence that women experience is perpetrated by their boyfriends or husbands (Malley-Morrison and Hines 951). More than fifty percent of the residents of San Juan are either of Hispanic or American Indian ancestry, while the remaining half are of Caucasian ancestry (Caponera 6). In San Juan, the factors in all present cultures that contribute towards the increase or propagation of domestic violence include financial inequality between women and men, machismo, and the influence of the church. Although there are organizations and individuals working towards altering these retrogressive cultures, there are an assortment of structural barriers they have to combat such as the institutionalized sexism and, in the case of the Hispanic and American Indian sections of the population, breach the ethnic and linguistic divide that have repress ed true change. In San Juan, many of the members of the Caucasian population are adherents of the Mormon faith, which encourages retrogressive practices such as polygamy. In all areas of the world where polygamy is practiced, men obviously have a greater amount of power over the women. The women in such societies are socialized to believe that the main purpose of their lives is to be wives and

Eastenders and Coronation Street Essay Example for Free

Eastenders and Coronation Street Essay astenders and Coronation Street deals with these rules by not showing any bad violence, drugs, sexual intercourse, nudity or demonstrations of exorcisms. If any of these are shown they will be justified so much that it is suitable for all ages. This affects the reality of the programme because in some of the storyline situations they cannot fully show the reality of what may happen in real life because they cannot swear for example, and all the things they cannot show are usually in everyday life. Paragraph three There are different principles shown in every episode, from the Eastenders episode we watched issues raised were things like underage drinking, working underage and adultery all these issues are delt with without harming or offending anyone. In the Coronation Street episode issues raised were slander, stalking, teenage depression, abortion and St Georges Day. Again all these issues were raised without insulting people. They couldnt show anything on local elections because it is against the broadcasting code and it may sway peoples decisions on who they are going to vote for. This also makes the reality of the programme not real because at that time of year people are talking about elections but on these programmes they cannot. Paragraph four The two soap operas Eastenders and Coronation Street differ from advertising because BBC1 dont have a commercial breaks in the middle and Coronation Street do they also are sponsored by Cadburys so at the start, the breaks and the end they advertise Cadburys. On BBC1 the viewers pay for the channel to stay up and running, but on ITV they make their money from adverts and advertising different products, and in Coronation Streets instance it is Cadburys. The commercial breaks are limited and regulated so they suit the stereotypical types who watch that certain programme but in soap operas instance all ages watch so there is adverts for all ages. Coronation Street and Eastenders are similar in that both dont show any products, brand names or designs so people are not persuaded to buy one product over another. Paragraph five Conclusion My opinion is that soap operas can never be real because of the regulations they are under, for example swearing and abuse is apart of everyday life even if it is to the minimum. However I dont think people watch them, for the realism of the programme but for the gossip or the melodrama others for the humour or the storylines which may help people with similar situations.

Principles Of Systems Analysis Information Technology Essay

Principles Of Systems Analysis Information Technology Essay This assignment will discuss the principles of systems analysis and then two different methodologies used in the systems analysis process when designing computer systems. It will highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the two methodologies. It will also show which method is the most appropriate for the case study. Finally it will also show a PowerPoint presentation of key drivers which force business organisation to invest in a new computer system. P1- Principles of Systems Analysis Development life cycles Development life cycle models identify the stages to which processes must be carried out in order to develop a successful system. Depending on the type of business that are requiring the new system, and the type of system they are hoping to have by the end, accounts for the type of model chosen to be used in order to build the system. Types of development life cycles include: waterfall model, rapid applications design (RAD), spiral model, the systems analysis and design (SAD), dynamic systems development methodology (DSDM) Development life cycles have different stages. For example, Development methodologies Methodologies are a way of structuring the development process of a computer system. They are the framework which is followed in order to make a system successful. Tools and techniques that can be used in order to develop a system include: Data flow diagrams: these outline the processes which happen between the business and its clients or customers, external systems and external organisations in order to identify the activities which will be taking place within the system along with the information which will be flowing within the system. CASE Tools: computer aided software engineering (CASE) tools aim to support the diagram designs and to make checks and changes where required. CASE tools have different uses. These include: diagram validation, diagram creation as well as report and code generating. Key drivers Key drivers force businesses to invest in a new computer system in order to improve or upgrade their current one. Some examples of key drivers include: the computers being too old, the current system no longer meeting government requirements, close competitors having better systems, the need for improved efficiency, or the business wanting to grow and expand. P2- Methodologies The waterfall model The waterfall model is a systems development cycle which identifies each stage the development of a system must go through. Initiation and planning Investigation Analysis Design Implementation Testing Maintenance Initiation and planning- is where all the businesses needs are taken into account as well as reviewing the current system to decide what exactly needs to be done to the system. If the initiation and planning stage is not carried out, it likely that the project will be unsuccessful. Investigation- this is the stage where the final decision is made about what exactly needs to be done to the system where factors such as budget and time are taken into consideration. Analysis- this is the stage where all the data needed to create or modify the system is collected. An initial idea is also considered and is sometimes tried out in order to see if there is a possibility of it working before the actual designing of the new system takes place. Design this stage works alongside the analysis to decide upon the best way to either create or modify the system. Here is where ideas are identified that was not noticed before, and others can be crossed off as not possible. Implementation all the work required to create the new system are separated into units. The software is the engineered by being written and coded so that the system can understand, before being debugged and the process of troubleshooting takes place. Testing this is the stage where each unit is trialled to see that it works with the other units as well as ensuring that the new system meets the specification originally set. Maintenance This is the stage which comes into sight only after the system is up and running. Some problems only occur once the system starts being practically used so during the maintenance stage, errors which have been found are corrected and the system can be modified accurately to fulfil its requirements. Also, the system can be constantly maintained so as not to need a brand new one, but can be updated in order to improve the systems efficiency when it starts to decline. P3- Advantages: Each stage can be given a deadline to be completed allowing the business knowing exactly when their system will be completed. Each stage is clear and they do not overlap making tasks that need to be carried out clear. This order ensures things are not left out, forgotten or left unfinished Disadvantages: Once the development has moved on from one stage from the next, it is difficult to go back and make amendments due to the waterfall model not being flexible. All specifications need to be made at the beginning, once the designing begins, changes cannot be made meaning once the client has submitted their request, they cannot build on or adapt it. P2- Rapid Applications Development (RAD) Like the waterfall model, the rapid applications development model is a model which identifies stages in which system goes through in order to be effectively developed. However, it is a more flexible development model compared with the waterfall model. Prototype Test Assess Design Design this is where the specification for the new system is made and an image can be drawn up of what is expected of the new system. Vitalities for the new system are taken into account and the professional work alongside the business to design a system to match all of the businesses requirements. Prototype a scaled down system is created and trialled in order to represent what the final finished system will be like. This helps to identify any minor adjustments that need to be made before the new, final system is put in place. These are usually built on and used in the final system helping to speed up the development of the new system. Test the system is tested to ensure everything works as it should as well as making sure all the requirements have been met and nothing was left out or forgotten. This is important as some things arent clear until the system is finished and starts being used for its purpose. Assess this is the stage where it is decided whether the system is fully suitable for use or whether it requires some modifications and more designing before it is completely ready to fulfil the purposes to which the business requires of it. P3- Advantages: The RAD Model is adaptable to changes and is fairly flexible The prototype stage allows a clear insight into what the final system will be like and allows changes to be made before the system is finalised The system development using the RAD model is generally quite short. There is a strong success rate due to the number of times the product is reviewed before it is made final. Reusing the created prototypes helps to reduce project cost and so keeping the budget low Disadvantages: Due to being created for just one particular need, if later on it is decided that the system needs to be expanded further or made bigger, it is difficult due to only being created specifically for a sole purpose. Is most successful when being used to build upon a current system. It is not ideal for larger businesses and projects I think that for in the case of the Selchester Hotel, it would best for them to use the Rapid Applications Development model rather than the Waterfall model. This is because it is more cost effective due to being able to build upon the current system rather than having to begin from scratch which also makes RAD a much quicker development model to use. The hotel is in constant demand of its clients and so cannot have its system unavailable for long periods of time. Also, although generally the RAD model isnt ideal for larger businesses, it allows adaptations to be made later on in the development which could be vital due to the hotel gaining or losing competition and so needing to enhance their systems to cope with their new circumstances. Finally, having prototypes created allows the hotel to be confident that their new system will be successful before it is finished and to be able to see what the final system will be like.